Abstract
Abstract Analytical toxicology is the detection, identification and, if appropriate, measurement of drugs and other poisons in biological and other relevant specimens to aid the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and in some cases the prevention of poisoning. The specimens encountered may range from the relatively simple, such as expired air, to amongst the most complex of samples, the residue from a decomposed body. This being said, most work is performed on commonly available samples such as blood and urine. In analytical toxicology, gas chromatography (GC) has three principal advantages over other widely-used techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoassay. First, GC has a range of sensitive detectors [‘universal’: flame ionization detector (FID); selective: nitrogen/phosphorus detector (NPD), electron capture detector (ECD)] which can be used in parallel. Second, high efficiency (capillary) GC columns are now widely available. Third, GC is easy to interface with techniques giving direct information about compound identity such as mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). With GC, as with HPLC, qualitative and quantitative information can often be obtained simultaneously.
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