Gambaran Fungsi Ginjal pada Anak Penderita Diare dengan Dehidrasi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

Abstract

Abstract: Diarrhea associated with dehydration can cause decreased tissue perfusion and circulating volume, thus inhibiting kidney function characterized by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in metabolic waste. This study aimed to determine the description of kidney function in children with diarrhea and dehydration at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were children with diarrhea and dehydration hospitalized at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2023. The results obtained 120 patients predominantly between the ages of 1 month -<1 year (50.0%), male (59.2%), and had mild to moderate dehydration (78.3%). Kidney function features showed normal serum ureum and serum creatinine in most samples by 89% and 91%, respectively, while GFR decreased in less than half of the samples by 49.2%. Increased serum ureum, serum creatinine, and decreased GFR were most common in severely dehydrated children by 69.2%, 73.1%, and 84.6%, respectively. In conclusion, diarrheal children with dehydration had normal serum ureum and serum creatinine levels, and decreased GFR. Increased serum ureum, serum creatinine, and decreased GFR were most common in diarrheal children with severe dehydration. Keywords: diarrhea; dehydration; children; serum ureum; serum creatinine; glomerular filtration rate Abstrak: Diare yang disertai dehidrasi dapat menyebabkan penurunan perfusi jaringan dan volume sirkulasi sehingga menghambat fungsi ginjal yang ditandai dengan penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) dan peningkatan limbah metabolisme di dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi ginjal pada pasien anak penderita diare dengan dehidrasi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu pasien anak diare dengan dehidrasi yang dirawat inap di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama periode 1 Juli 2020–30 Juni 2023. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 120 pasien anak diare dehidrasi didominasi usia 1 bulan -<1 tahun (50,0%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (59,2%), dan dehidrasi ringan-sedang (78,3%). Gambaran fungsi ginjal pada anak diare dengan dehidrasi memperlihatkan ureum serum dan kreatinin serum normal pada sebagian besar sampel (89% dan 91%), sedangkan LFG menurun pada kurang dari setengah sampel (49,2%). Peningkatan ureum serum, kreatinin serum, serta penurunan LFG paling sering pada anak dengan dehidrasi berat (69,2%, 73,1%, dan 84,6%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada anak diare dengan dehidrasi, kadar ureum serum dan kreatinin serum didapatkan normal, sedangkan LFG menurun. Peningkatan ureum serum, kreatinin serum, dan penurunan LFG pada anak diare dengan dehidrasi paling sering pada derajat dehidrasi berat. Kata kunci: diare; dehidrasi; anak; ureum serum; kreatinin serum; laju filtrasi glomerulus