Abstract

This work reports measurements of calcified gallstone elemental compositions using laser-induced optical emission spectroscopy. The experimental results support the importance of the magnesium concentration in gallstone growth. Granular stones reveal an increased magnesium concentration at the periphery of the granules, suggesting the inhibition of further growth. Non-granular gallstones reveal lower overall magnesium concentrations, but with higher values near the center.

Highlights

  • Cholelithiasis affects the morbidity of adults and increases mortality, but it depends on specific population characteristics

  • It is of particular interest to analyze and quantify granules with different diameters

  • The identified spectral lines were due to calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), sodium (Na) and potassium (K)

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Summary

Introduction

Cholelithiasis affects the morbidity of adults and increases mortality, but it depends on specific population characteristics. The gallstone disease cases are higher in the north than in the south of India [1]. This work evaluates magnesium concentrations and elemental compositions by collecting spectra during laser ablation of extracted gallstones. Magnesium has many essential roles in fundamental biological functions, and in turn, deficiency provokes several biochemical changes. Sufficient intake is important in maintaining magnesium homeostasis, but the average amount of magnesium in today’s menu has diminished over the years. Magnesium is an important mineral constituent of various unprocessed foods such as green leafy vegetables, fish and whole grains

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