Gait characteristics of children during free ascent climbing performances

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of children's climbing performances with an emphasis placed on determining the appropriate dimensions of climbing apparatus as shown by the gait patterns adopted by the users. Seventy-two male and female children were selected and assigned to one of eight groups according to their age. The population comprised children whose ages ranged between 1.5 and 5.5 years with groups designated every 6 months (total eight groups). Each subject performed three trials consisting of an ascent of a 1.83 X 1.83 m climbing structure. The wooden climbing frame incorporated a regular matrix of handholds/footholds with a between rung difference of 0.15 meters. On command, the subjects climbed from a target area centered at the bottom of the frame to the top where the parent or guardian was located to offer encouragement. all trials were filmed using one 16 mm motion-picture camera. A large mirror placed in the field of vision permitted the recording of both the rear and lateral views. The temporal and displacement characteristics of a representative gait cycle for each subject were analyzed. The results provided little evidence to indicate either an age related or overall preferred consistent climbing gait. However, the most common method of ascent (38.92%) involved an order of peripheral segment movement of the right leg followed by right arm then left leg followed by left arm. A statistical analysis utilizing analysis of variance procedures with Newman Keuls post-hoc evaluation ( p<0.05) conducted on the temporal characteristics of a gait cycle during a trial by each subject revealed: (1) that both the absolute contact and airborne times for the upper and lower limb segments were greater for the subjects between 1.5 and 2.5 years than for the subjects between 4.5 and 5.5 years, (2) that there existed an age dependent systematic decrease in the relative contact times for the lower limb segments, (3) that the age dependent decreases in the absolute lower limb airborne times were relatively greater than the corresponding decreases in the contact times with a significant linear trend being recorded. While the preferred horizontal spacing was found to be approximately 0.15 meters for all subjects, the preferred inclined spacing between consecutive handholds/footholds was found to be age dependent.