Abstract
Two decades of structural studies on visual pigments culminated recently in the first crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin (see picture). In this archetypal G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) the sites of signal input, the retinal-binding site, and signal output, the G-protein-binding site, are separated by more than 40 Å. Using a multitude of biophysical and biochemical approaches, researchers now attempt to delineate a common mechanism by which signal transmission occurs in GPCRs. Furthermore, molecular details of the retinal-binding site yield first clues as to how color tuning is performed in visual pigments.
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