Fuzzy Control based Multiple Power Sources for Industrial Drives Applications

Sizing methodology for hybrid systems based on multiple renewable power sources integrated to the energy management strategy

Intelligent power management in a vehicular system with multiple power sources

At the present time, technology is developing rapidly in various scientific fields. People continue to develop and research the latest technologies to make human life easier. One of them is in the field of IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The use of electrical devices in each power source has different electrical power consumption. And this often happens, so when using electrical equipment, each power source is a tool for monitoring the use of electrical power, so that the use of electrical power in multiple power sources is in accordance with the required power. Therefore, a tool is designed that can facilitate the performance of activities to monitor the use of electric power, the results of which can be displayed through LCD 16X2 and can be informed through the Internet. The purpose of this research is to design an IoT-based electric power monitoring system to facilitate the monitoring of electric power consumption in multiple IoT-based power sources. The method used in data collection is quantitative method. With the collection of several components needed, which are designed in this study such as voltage sensors, Ethernet shields, hub switches and Arduino Uno microcontrollers. This research will monitor IoT-based power, and can be monitored via the Internet in the form of a graphical display on a desktop application or in the form of a monitoring web page. The results showed that the average error value in testing the voltage sensor was 0.02%, the sensor for current readings had an error value of 0.19%, and the value of power was 0.18%. So it can be concluded that by having a fairly small difference and error, this tool is said to be quite good and then by testing the monitoring application system on the web page that is made capable of sending, storing and displaying data on the monitoring web page in real time every minute even with different power sources, in tests conducted with two different power sources and can be measured properly, so that testing the web monitoring application can be said to be good because it can monitor electrical power of multiple power sources.

Non- renewable resources are depleted dramatically and carbon footprint are steadily increasing, causing global warming and deficiency of non-renewable resources. Solutions of power saving are needed to reduce the power usage and utilize of renewable energy. Renewable power sources can be used to power up AC or DC loads, but performance of renewable power is unstable due to the environmental issue. A multiple input power sources UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) system is needed to maintain the On-state of the attached load by switching load's power sources from one type to another based on the priority and availability of multiple input power sources. Two solutions are proposed in this paper to cooperate with each others to utilize the UPS function with renewable power sources. They are active and passive solution. For active solution, system performing power switching function from one type of power source to the other based on the different of power source priority. Monitoring of all the input power sources is needed in order to perform power switching. Strategy of passive solution is integrating one or more renewable power resources with the system in order to power up the attached load by using green renewable energy.

<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>Curtiss-Wright has developed an advanced Smart Power Architecture for Intelligent Power Distribution, based on our Intelligent Power Distribution Demonstration (iPDD) and experience in providing power distribution components specifically for Heavy Brigade Combat Team (HBCT) vehicles. The challenges of power distribution and management in ground vehicles are presented, including issues of scalability, warfighter burden, and the complexity of distributing multiple vehicle power sources. The fundamental building blocks of Smart Power are described, including Power Distribution Units, Power Conditioning Units, and types of Power Conversion Units (AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC). A Smart Power Reference Architecture will be presented, showing how it enables scalable and modular power distribution systems. How modular Smart Power Architecture can enable commonality across vehicles and applications. How it can provide automatic and programmable load management, including startup and shutdown sequencing, event triggered load control, and automatic configuration for vehicle operational modes. How multiple power sources can be used to provide uninterrupted vehicle power, including off-vehicle scavenged power. How power sensitive loads can be integrated into traditional unconditioned power, allowing for cost and SWaP savings. How the Smart Power Architecture integrates with the US Army’s VICTORY Architecture. How it integrates with and enables vehicle prognostic and diagnostics. How the Smart Power Architecture for Intelligent Power Distribution ultimately provides better value to the warfighter.</p>

In the HTS magnet consisting of pancake windings, all pancake windings have been connected in series and excited by a single power source. Most of the pancake windings cannot conduct their critical current values at single power excitation. Current of each winding can be controlled separately to its critical current at multiple power excitation. This paper presents the excitation of an HTS YBCO magnet consisting of pancake windings by multiple power sources. To estimate the critical currents of the pancake windings more precisely, the magnetic field variation in the HTS wire was considered. Properties of multiple power excitation were measured by using the HTS YBCO magnet consisting of 8 pancake windings. Test results showed calculated currents agreed very well with measured ones and central magnetic field increased by multiple power excitation.

When the HTS magnet consisting of pancake windings is excited by a single power source, most of the pancake windings operate under their critical currents because currents of the entire pancake windings are limited by the critical current of the pancake winding which has the lowest critical current. By using multiple power sources, all pancake windings are able to conduct their critical currents. This paper describes the HTS magnet with pancake windings which are excited by multiple power sources. Critical current of each pancake winding is determined by using optimization technique. Fabrication of the BSCCO magnet consisting of 10 pancake windings is described and test results of the BSCCO magnet are given. The magnetic field and the perpendicular magnetic field of the magnet excited by multiple power sources are compared with those of the magnet excited by a single power source.

With the consumption of traditional energy, renewable energy has gradually become the main force of energy production. To avoid the wind turbines tripping-off caused by the fault of power grid, the renewable energy transmission system usually needs to be equipped with a variety of reactive power compensation devices. To improve the reliability of LVRT (low voltage ride through) of wind turbines under the failure of the sending-end system, a LVRT method for wind turbines based on the cooperative control strategy of multiple reactive power sources is proposed in this paper. Firstly, this paper analyzes the reactive power output capability of the DFIG (doubly fed induction generator) and PMSG (permanent magnetic synchronous generator); and the reactive power output capability of typical reactive compensation devices i.e., SVG (static var generator) and synchronous condenser, is introduced. Secondly, based on the remaining reactive power compensation capacity and response speed of each reactive power source, the voltage regulation participation index defined as VRPI is introduced. Consequently, the cooperative control strategy of multiple reactive power sources is proposed based on the introduced index. Finally, case study of typical fault of the sending-end system integrated with wind turbines is performed, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative control strategy of multiple reactive power sources.

Hybrid energy system is commonly employed in renewable energy systems to bridge the gap of non-availability of one power source with the others. In this work, a direct conductive electrical circuit connection topology for realizing multiple power source synchronization in the hybrid energy system is proposed. A three-input power sources integration scheme was realized via forward-conduction bidirectional blocking switch which serves input to the common power conversion stage of phase-shifted full-bridge DC-DC converter to boost the synchronized common bus voltage. An average current sharing controller is designed for the multiple parallel power sources to ensure equal load sharing when all the sources operates on the same and different voltage level. In this study, a 3-kW rating hybrid energy system was implemented in Simulink environment to investigate the multiple source integrator, the current sharing capability, and the common power conversion stage performance. The system ensured equal load sharing, allowed individual and simultaneous power transfer from the multiple sources to the load under the same and different operating supply voltage level.

The increased production of electrical energy from various power sources, such as solar, wind, and nuclear, allows smart buildings to be connected with multiple power sources. In an effort to conserve environment, electrical energy usage is gradually shifting towards renewable and green energy sources, such as wind, hydro, and solar. Regardless of power sources, a user demands for continuous energy supply and also desires to minimize the electricity bill. Further, in a dynamic pricing environment, the price of electricity varies throughout the day. In such a dynamic pricing environment, appliance scheduling with multiple power sources tied to a smart home/building is an important research problem. In this paper, we propose a methodology to abet green environment by prioritizing green energy sources and to minimize the electricity cost for the user. Our proposed methodology leverages a smart grid architecture which employs a greedy strategy to select the most feasible power source amongst the available power sources tied to a smart home/building. Our proposed methodology further leverages a neural network-based approach for appliance scheduling that optimizes the use of power sources in a dynamic pricing environment to minimize the total cost of electricity usage.

Oil and gas process electrification is recognized to reduce operating cost, improve energy efficiency and improve environmental factors. Offshore electrification has been limited by distance costs. Now extended reach for AC systems, improved HVDC systems, and emerging availability of offshore gridded systems that can include multiple power sources and consumers are providing improved economics. The full economic and technical analysis is complex. We will examine how technical factors such as power requirements, distance, losses, and maintenance and operating costs combine with key economic criteria such as capital, operations and energy costs, and depreciation. We will then discuss models for how overall availability and operational stability are affected by the energy mix and the quality of the power management of the microgrid. Other factors such as HSE and environmental impact can also affect the investment decision. Earlier models we presented, such as those in SPE-162504, considered mainly point to point connections. We here demonstrate how gridded systems, including long distance HVDC connections, combine with local AC grids that can integrate multiple offshore facilities and power sources. The paper is based on experience and ongoing projects in the North Sea and current studies in the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea, where integration across multiple facilities and consumers and network dynamics of multiple sources such as Power from Shore, Local Generation and Offshore wind in microgrids have been studied. (We include actual data from concluded studies, or anonymized data subject to client permission.) The study focuses on large offshore electrification systems that meet energy, stability and economic requirements in large offshore grids. New information includes the effects of changing from point-to-point connections to grids with many nodes, and includes the effect of renewable power on the grid and the effect of battery energy storage / hybridization.

Superconducting magnets consisted of pancake windings have been conventionally excited by a single power source. In that case, magnetic field at the center of an HTS magnet is limited by the critical current of a pancake winding where the largest perpendicular magnetic field is applied. This paper proposed a new method to increase the central magnetic field of an HTS magnet using multiple power sources. Fabrication and test of the HTS magnet consisted of 10 pancake windings are described in this paper. Pancake windings were excited by multiple power sources to conduct the critical current of each pancake winding. Properties of the magnet excited by multiple power sources were compared with that of the magnet excited by a single power source.

Electric eel is an excellent example to harness ion-concentration gradients for sustainable power generation. However, current strategies to create electric-eel-inspired power sources commonly involve manual stacking of multiple salinity-gradient power source units, resulting in low efficiency, unstable contact, and poor flexibility. Here we propose a consecutive multimaterial printing strategy to efficiently fabricate biomimetic ionic hydrogel power sources with a maximum stretchability of 137%. The consecutively-printed ionic hydrogel power source filaments showed seamless bonding interface and can maintain stable voltage outputs for 1000 stretching cycles at 100% strain. With arrayed multi-channel printhead, power sources with a maximum voltage of 208 V can be automatically printed and assembled in parallel within 30 min. The as-printed flexible power source filaments can be woven into a wristband to power a digital wristwatch. The presented strategy provides a tool to efficiently produce electric-eel-inspired ionic hydrogel power sources with great stretchability for various flexible power source applications.

We present our research in optimal power management for a generic vehicle power system that has multiple power sources using machine learning and fuzzy logic. A machine learning algorithm, LOPPS, has been developed to learn about optimal power source combinations with respect to minimum power loss for all possible load requests and various system power states. The results generated by the LOPPS are used to build a fuzzy power controller (FPC). FPC is integrated into a simulation program implemented by using a generic simulation software as indicated in reference and is used to dynamically allocate optimal power sources during online drive. The simulation results generated by FPC show that the proposed machine learning algorithm combined with fuzzy logic is a promising technology for vehicle power management.

Usually, distributed generations with natural energies bring negative effects to the utility grid. Microgrid with various power sources is able to eliminate these negative effects. A frequency domain-based method is proposed in this paper for configuration and control design of power sources in a grid-connected microgrid. First, the power sources are configured based on their frequency spectrum features. After that, the frequency domain-based power follow-up control is applied to the power sources, and the power at the point of common couple (PCC) is regulated to follow up a desired power value. Detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency domain-based method for configuration and power follow-up control of power sources are presented. Finally, a microgrid in a campus with multiple power sources is designed based on the proposed configuration method and control method. Frequency domain analysis and experimental results show that the power at PCC can be regulated to a desired value, i.e. the disturbances to the grid caused by loads and renewable resources in microgrid are successfully suppressed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.