Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNA (20-23 bp) molecules which regulate expression of proteincoding gene by promoting mRNA degradation and translational inhibition in mammalians. The latest miRBase release (v20, June 2013) contains 24 521 microRNA loci from 206 species which is processed to produce 30,424 mature microRNA products. miRNAs are involved in several mechanisms such as cardiovascular, central nervous system processes and cancer. miRNAs can be produced by human placenta and are significant for placental development. Recently, regulation of miRNA expression is not exactly understood in human placenta, however many research demonstrated that oxygen tension, signaling molecules, environmental toxin and epigenetic regulation are playing critical roles in placental development. Placental miRNAs that are used for prenatal diagnosis have been detected in maternal plasma in recent years. Some complications of pregnancy such as preeclampsia which is also regulated by miRNA could be diagnosed by using miRNA techniques. In preeclamptic blood and tissue samples, upor down-regulated miRNA levels can be observed. In this study, topics such as miRNA biogenesis and regulation in pregnancy, pregnancy associated disorders are referred and future perspective of prenatal diagnosis using miRNA as biomarkers.
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