Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Western society. Recent technological advances have opened the opportunity of developing new and innovative smart stent devices that have advanced electrical properties that can improve diagnosis and even treatment of previously intractable conditions, such as central line access failure, atherosclerosis and reporting on vascular grafts for renal dialysis. Here we review the latest advances in the field of cardiovascular medical implants, providing a broad overview of the application of their use in the context of cardiovascular disease rather than an in-depth analysis of the current state of the art. We cover their powering, communication and the challenges faced in their fabrication. We focus specifically on those devices required to maintain vascular access such as ones used to treat arterial disease, a major source of heart attacks and strokes. We look forward to advances in these technologies in the future and their implementation to improve the human condition.
Highlights
Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) are in common use in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes [1]
This area is investigated with examples of some of the latest techniques including printable and stretchable electronics in the context of cardiovascular disease, such as implantable blood pressure monitors in endovascular repair and coronary artery stents and leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy
These devices will require the synthesis of engineered shapes and rubber-like these devices will require the synthesis of engineered shapes and rubber-like stretchable materials such stretchable materials suchtheir as goals polyurethane to achieve their goals of a devices
Summary
Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) are in common use in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes [1] They cover a diverse set of pathologies including glucose monitoring for diabetes, high blood pressure telemetry devices, cardiac reporters and defibrillators. Of particular interest is the potential of self-reporting cardiovascular stents These bare metal cages are used to reopen blocked vessels caused by “furring-up” of the arteries. Communicating with IMDs and the complexities of microfabrication are important for the future success of these units This area is investigated with examples of some of the latest techniques including printable and stretchable electronics in the context of cardiovascular disease, such as implantable blood pressure monitors in endovascular repair and coronary artery stents and leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy
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