Abstract
ZY-1 02D is China’s first civil hyperspectral (HS) operational satellite, developed independently and successfully launched in 2019. It can collect HS data with a spatial resolution of 30 m, 166 spectral bands, a spectral range of 400~2500 nm, and a swath width of 60 km. Its competitive advantages over other on-orbit or planned satellites are its high spectral resolution and large swath width. Unfortunately, the relatively low spatial resolution may limit its applications. As a result, fusing ZY-1 02D HS data with high-spatial-resolution multispectral (MS) data is required to improve spatial resolution while maintaining spectral fidelity. This paper conducted a comprehensive evaluation study on the fusion of ZY-1 02D HS data with ZY-1 02D MS data (10-m spatial resolution), based on visual interpretation and quantitative metrics. Datasets from Hebei, China, were used in this experiment, and the performances of six common data fusion methods, namely Gram-Schmidt (GS), High Pass Filter (HPF), Nearest-Neighbor Diffusion (NND), Modified Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS), Wavelet Transform (Wavelet), and Color Normalized Sharping (Brovey), were compared. The experimental results show that: (1) HPF and GS methods are better suited for the fusion of ZY-1 02D HS Data and MS Data, (2) IHS and Brovey methods can well improve the spatial resolution of ZY-1 02D HS data but introduce spectral distortion, and (3) Wavelet and NND results have high spectral fidelity but poor spatial detail representation. The findings of this study could serve as a good reference for the practical application of ZY-1 02D HS data fusion.
Highlights
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Ren et al [34], who conducted a comprehensive evaluation study on the fusion results of GF-5 HS data with three MS data, and the results showed that LANARAS, Adaptive Gram-Schmidt (GSA), and modulation transfer function (MTF)-generalized Laplacian pyramid (GLP) methods were more suitable for fusing GF-5 with GF-1 data, while MTF-GLP and GSA methods were recommended for fusing GF-5 with GF-2 data, and GSA and smoothing filtered-based intensity modulation (SFIM) could be used to fuse GF-5 with S2A data
High-Pass Filter (HPF), in particular, demonstrated excellent performance with respect to both spectral fidelity and spatial resolution enhancement. The reason for this could be that the HPF injects the spatial details of the MS data into the HS data via a high-pass filter and has a low-pass filter to maintain the spectral separation of HS data
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The ZY-1 02D Satellite, known as a 5-m optical satellite, is the first operational civil hyperspectral (HS) satellite, independently developed and successfully operated by. China as the China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite. 2019, and one of the three main payloads is an advanced HS imager developed by the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (SITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The ZY1 02D HS imager has 166 spectral bands ranging from 400 nm to 2500 nm, a spatial resolution of 30 m, and a swath width of 60 km, allowing it to provide detailed spectral information about ground features. Compared with other on-orbit or planned satellites
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