Further studies on Carrot virus Y: hosts, symptomatology, search for resistance, and tests for seed transmissibility

Abstract

Carrot virus Y (CarVY) was studied to provide information on its host range and symptoms, identify any alternative natural hosts and sources of host resistance in carrot germplasm, and determine whether it is seed-borne. Twenty-two species belonging to the Apiaceae were inoculated with CarVY by viruliferous aphids in the glasshouse. Systemic infection with CarVY developed in carrot itself, 4 other Daucus species, 5 herbs, 1 naturalised weed, and 2 Australian native plants. When 7 of these host species were exposed to infection in the field, all became infected systemically. In both glasshouse and field, the types of symptoms that developed in infected plants and their severity varied widely from host to host. Following inoculation with infective sap, the virus was detected in inoculated leaves of 1 additional species in the Apiacaeae, and 2 species of Chenopodiaceae. A field survey did not reveal any alternative hosts likely to be important as CarVY infection reservoirs. When 34 accessions of wild carrot germplasm and 16 of other Daucus spp. were inoculated with infective aphids, symptom severity varied widely among accessions but no source of extreme resistance to CarVY was found. Tests on seedlings grown from seed collected from individual infected plants or field plantings (most with CarVY incidences of >92%) of cultivated carrot (34 135 seeds), wild carrot (20 978 seeds), Anethum graveolens (22 921 seeds), and 3 other host species (3304 seeds) did not detect any seed transmission of CarVY. The implications of these results for control of the virus in carrot crops, minimising the losses it causes, and avoiding its introduction to new locations are discussed.