Funkcionisanje kvota izbornog sistema

Abstract

The paper analyzes the examples of functioning of election system quotas in the countries of the region, namely, Hungary and Macedonia. Both the Hungarian and Macedonian example of quotas within the political party proves that this type of quota has not produced expected changes, but that the statutory mandatory quotas in the form of single-sided quotas are also scarce measures. The study of those two regional examples clearly proves that only statutory "double" quotas are necessary if we really want to efficiently and relatively rapidly change the representative bodies that consist exclusively of one gender. Therefore it is hard to expect from quotas within the political party to increase the number of women in the form of political "disease" and Macedonian and Hungarian examples prove that. The paper also analyzes the fact that voluntarism in application and a lack of compulsory application are always unfavorable for the functioning of quota system, in sense of its further institutionalization and stabilization. This repudiates quota and makes them inefficient. The quotas fail to function especially because of the legally insufficiently articulated quota system, which means that there is either no compulsory application or there is a lack of application in the national framework, or the place on candidate lists is not determined next to the percent. The Hungarian and Macedonian examples clearly illustrate those shortfalls in the functioning of the quota system since in those two countries its establishment remained incomplete and unfinished while the number of women in their representative bodies is one of the lowest in Europe. The example of quota system that exists in Serbia is for that reason even more important in the regional sense and its proper recognition and application are becoming the regional example of functioning of the quota system.