Abstract
Polysaccharides such as α- and β-glucans, chitin, and glycoproteins extensively modified with both N- and O-linked carbohydrates are the major components of fungal surfaces. The fungal cell wall is an excellent target for the action of antifungal agents, since most of its components are absent from mammalian cells. Recognition of these carbohydrate-containing molecules by the innate immune system triggers inflammatory responses and activation of microbicidal mechanisms by leukocytes. This review will discuss the structure of surface fungal glycoconjugates and polysaccharides and their recognition by innate immune receptors.
Highlights
Figueiredo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Xerém, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil e-mail: rotifi@icb.ufrj.br. Polysaccharides such as α- and β-glucans, chitin, and glycoproteins extensively modified with both N- and O-linked carbohydrates are the major components of fungal surfaces
The fungal cell wall is basically comprised of chitin and βglucans, which form an inner rigid core, but several other structurally complex polysaccharides, glycoproteins, enzymes, and lipids have been identified as cell wall components, frequently loosely anchored in the external layer
The cell wall is an excellent target for the action of antifungal agents and a target for the innate immune recognition, since most of its components are absent from mammalian cells (Masuoka, 2004; Latgé, 2010)
Summary
Reviewed by: Jordi Torrelles, Ohio State University, USA Ramesh Vemulapalli, Purdue University, USA. Polysaccharides such as α- and β-glucans, chitin, and glycoproteins extensively modified with both N- and O-linked carbohydrates are the major components of fungal surfaces. The fungal cell wall is an excellent target for the action of antifungal agents, since most of its components are absent from mammalian cells. Recognition of these carbohydrate-containing molecules by the innate immune system triggers inflammatory responses and activation of microbicidal mechanisms by leukocytes. This review will discuss the structure of surface fungal glycoconjugates and polysaccharides and their recognition by innate immune receptors
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