Abstract
Soil health, and the closely related terms of soil quality and fertility, is considered as one of the most important characteristics of soil ecosystems. The integrated approach to soil health assumes that soil is a living system and soil health results from the interaction between different processes and properties, with a strong effect on the activity of soil microbiota. All soils can be described using physical, chemical, and biological properties, but adaptation to environmental changes, driven by the processes of natural selection, are unique to the latter one. This mini review focuses on fungal biodiversity and its role in the health of managed soils as well as on the current methods used in soil mycobiome identification and utilization next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. The authors separately focus on agriculture and horticulture as well as grassland and forest ecosystems. Moreover, this mini review describes the effect of land-use on the biodiversity and succession of fungi. In conclusion, the authors recommend a shift from cataloging fungal species in different soil ecosystems toward a more global analysis based on functions and interactions between organisms.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Fungi and Their Interactions, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
All soils can be described using physical, chemical, and biological properties, but adaptation to environmental changes, driven by the processes of natural selection, are unique to the latter one. This mini review focuses on fungal biodiversity and its role in the health of managed soils as well as on the current methods used in soil mycobiome identification and utilization generation sequencing (NGS) approaches
Fungi are very successful inhabitants of soil, due to their high plasticity and their capacity to adopt various forms in response to adverse or unfavorable conditions (Sun et al, 2005). Due to their ability to produce a wide variety of extracellular enzymes, they are able to break down all kinds of organic matter, decomposing soil components and thereby regulating the balance of carbon and nutrients (Žifcáková et al, 2016)
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Fungi and Their Interactions, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology. All soils can be described using physical, chemical, and biological properties, but adaptation to environmental changes, driven by the processes of natural selection, are unique to the latter one This mini review focuses on fungal biodiversity and its role in the health of managed soils as well as on the current methods used in soil mycobiome identification and utilization generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Fungi are very successful inhabitants of soil, due to their high plasticity and their capacity to adopt various forms in response to adverse or unfavorable conditions (Sun et al, 2005) Due to their ability to produce a wide variety of extracellular enzymes, they are able to break down all kinds of organic matter, decomposing soil components and thereby regulating the balance of carbon and nutrients (Žifcáková et al, 2016). The mycorrhizal fungi improve plant growth by increasing the uptake of nutrients and protect them against pathogens (Bagyaraj and Ashwin, 2017)
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