Abstract
In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were functionalized by various molecules, including sodium borohydride (NaBH4), polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), and Tween 80 to investigate the long-term stabilization of AgNPs in an aqueous dispersion. PHMB-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs/PHMB) exhibited better stability than others and could be stored at ambient temperature for at least 180 days. In addition to creating stabilization based on the electrostatic repulsion, the use of PHMB helped to increase the degree of stability of the colloidal AgNPs for a long time owing to strong interactions between Ag atoms on AgNPs with nitrogen (N) positions in PHMB molecules. The formed bond led to improving maintenance ability of the electrostatic repulsion layer among independent nanoparticles. The applicability of the as-prepared AgNPs/PHMB was also examined for Mn2+ detection via a colorimetric approach. The calibration curve was found to be linear over the range of 0–100 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The amine groups of PHMB brought out a cooperative effect to form of ion-templated chelation with Mn2+, which caused the aggregation of AgNPs/PHMB. This suggested that the AgNPs/PHMB could be used as a potential probe in the detection of Mn2+ ions. More importantly, the long-term stability of AgNPs/PHMB paved a great promising path to provide many further solutions for the producer in practical applications.
Highlights
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess many unique chemical and physical properties; AgNPs have been widely studied and exploited in various applications, including medical, home appliances, electronics, textiles, and cosmetics [1]. e demand for AgNPs in the world is projected to increase, with production estimated at around 320 tons per year [1,2]
When silver nanoparticles are modified by an anionic stabilizer, their surface will electrically be charged. is leads to enhancing electrostatic repulsion among them, and as a result, the aggregation of colloidal AgNPs can be prevented [8]. erefore, the cationic polymers such as polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), chitosan (CS) [6,9], and polyethylenimine (PEI) [10], with molecule structures described in Figures 1(a)–1(c), respectively, are often used for stabilization of AgNPs
Previous studies [11,13] showed that the PHMB-stabilized cationic silver nanoparticles displayed enhanced antimicrobial activity and demonstrated the promising potential for plant protection
Summary
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess many unique chemical and physical properties; AgNPs have been widely studied and exploited in various applications, including medical, home appliances, electronics, textiles, and cosmetics [1]. e demand for AgNPs in the world is projected to increase, with production estimated at around 320 tons per year [1,2]. Erefore, the cationic polymers such as polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), chitosan (CS) [6,9], and polyethylenimine (PEI) [10], with molecule structures described in Figures 1(a)–1(c), respectively, are often used for stabilization of AgNPs. When silver nanoparticles are modified by an anionic stabilizer, their surface will electrically be charged. Erefore, the cationic polymers such as polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), chitosan (CS) [6,9], and polyethylenimine (PEI) [10], with molecule structures described in Figures 1(a)–1(c), respectively, are often used for stabilization of AgNPs In such polymers, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), a surface-active agent, positively charged, highly biocompatible, and has been used as a disinfectant in medical, textile, and food industries [11,12], can stabilize the size and increase the dispersion of AgNPs. PHMB preserves the colloidal AgNPs for better stability and uniform dispersibility in the liquid media. Some recent studies have shown that the colloidal AgNP-based colorimetric sensors for Mn ion detection have offered good sensitivity [15,16]. The AgNPs/PHMB with long-term stability have been harnessed as a probe for the detection of Mn2+ ions by the colorimetric assays. e amine groups of PHMB brought out a cooperative effect to form ion-templated chelation with Mn2+, which caused the aggregation of AgNPs/PHMB
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