Abstract
Scientific and commercial interest of probiotics, prebiotics and their effect on human health and disease has increased in the last decade. The aim of this review article is to evaluate the role of pro- and prebiotics on the normal function of healthy skin as well as their role in the prevention and therapy of skin disease. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium are the most commonly used probiotics and thought to mediate skin inflammation, treat atopic dermatitis (AD) and prevent allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Probiotics are shown to decolonise skin pathogens (e.g., P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, A. Vulgaris, etc.) while kefir is also shown to support the immunity of the skin and treat skin pathogens through the production of antimicrobial substances and prebiotics. Finally, prebiotics (e.g., Fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides and konjac glucomannan hydrolysates) can contribute to the treatment of diseases including ACD, acne and photo aging primarily by enhancing the growth of probiotics.
Highlights
Fermented food has been part of our diet, in addition to being used for therapeutic purposes, as early as 7000 BC from Egyptians, Greeks and Italians [1,2,3]
Most common species of probiotics belong in the families of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus [9] with the first two families being mostly used in studies related to human health [10]
We aim to focus on the beneficial role of pro- and prebiotics on skin health as well as their therapeutic and/or preventive role on specific skin diseases
Summary
Fermented food has been part of our diet, in addition to being used for therapeutic purposes, as early as 7000 BC from Egyptians, Greeks and Italians [1,2,3]. Most common species of probiotics belong in the families of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus [9] with the first two families being mostly used in studies related to human health [10] As these microorganisms are naturally found in the gut microbiota, most studies are focused on their effects in the context of the natural function in the gut and as preventive or therapeutic agents against disease development [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Signaling events perturbations in the i) phosphorylation contentlevels of IκΒα, ii) activation status of p38, iii) extensively inhibition of nuclear binding bycontext p65 as well iv) induction studies of PPARγtowards mRNA levels probiotics have been utilized in the of as intervention prevention. With the term “prebiotics” we refer to specific fermented components that the other hand, with the term refer to specific fermented
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