Abstract
Being a sister species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvarum shows great potential regarding the future of the wine industry. The sulfite tolerance of most S. uvarum strains is poor, however. This is a major flaw that limits its utility in the wine industry. In S. cerevisiae, FZF1 plays a positive role in the transcription of SSU1, which encodes a sulfite efflux transport protein that is critical for sulfite tolerance. Although FZF1 has previously been shown to play a role in sulfite tolerance in S. uvarum, there is little information about its action mechanism. To assess the function of FZF1, two over-expression vectors that contained different FZF1 genes, and one FZF1 silencing vector, were constructed and introduced into a sulfite-tolerant S. uvarum strain using electroporation. In addition, an FZF1-deletion strain was constructed. Both of the FZF1-over-expressing strains showed an elevated tolerance to sulfite, and the FZF1-deletion strain showed the opposite effect. Repression of FZF1 transcription failed, however, presumably due to the lack of alleles of DCR1 and AGO. The qRT-PCR analysis was used to examine changes in transcription in the strains. Surprisingly, neither over-expressing strain promoted SSU1 transcription, although MET4 and HAL4 transcripts significantly increased in both sulfite-tolerance increased strains. We conclude that FZF1 plays a different role in the sulfite tolerance of S. uvarum compared to its role in S. cerevisiae.
Highlights
Saccharomyces uvarum is a sister species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was initially considered a synonym of Saccharomyces bayanus, but is considered a species in its own right
These data demonstrate that over-expression of the FZF1 genes from both S. eubayanus and S. uvarum could increase the sulfite resistance of S. uvarum, while the silencing of the FZF1 gene via RNA interference (RNAi) had no effect
That over-expressing of the FZF1 gene in S. uvarum did not lead to the expression change of the SSU1 gene, but that over-expressing and deletion of it led to a change of sulfite tolerance
Summary
Saccharomyces uvarum is a sister species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was initially considered a synonym of Saccharomyces bayanus, but is considered a species in its own right. As S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae both belong to Saccharomyces sensu stricto, these two species have similar characteristics, but in the later stage of the Sauvignon Blanc fermentation process, S. uvarum plays a more important role in producing alcohol from anaerobic respiration (Sipiczki and Ciani, 2002; Naumov et al, 2011). It has already been used in wine, but it is mainly used in cider (González Flores et al, 2017). It may have great potential in the wine industry in the future, as it can ferment at low temperatures (Zhang et al, 2015)
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