Abstract
Abstract Early development of fuel cells had a focus on use of coal to power fuel cells, but poisons formed by the gasification of the coal limited the fuel cell usefulness and lifetime. Potential applications of fuel cells can be grouped into four main categories: transportation, portable power, stationary or grid‐based power, and niche applications. Stationary and distributed power applications include power units for homes or auxiliary and backup power generation units. This chapter discusses the particular limitations and advantages of several different fuel cell systems. The operating principle of a fuel cell is similar to a common battery, except that a fuel (hydrogen, methanol, or other) and oxidizer (commonly air or pure oxygen) are brought separately into the electrochemical reactor from an external source, whereas a battery has stored reactants. The solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) represent high‐temperature fuel cell systems.
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