Fuel and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potentials by Appropriate Fuel Switching and Technology Improvement in the Canadian Electricity Generation Sector

In this paper, methodology to estimate GHG emissions from electricity generation sector using Iran as an example was first explained. Then different scenarios to reduce GHG emissions were evaluated for two countries: Canada and Iran. The results demonstrated that there were great potentials for GHG emission reduction in both countries. These potentials were evaluated by introducing eight different scenarios, including power stations' fuel switching to natural gas, replacement of existing power plants with natural gas combined cycle, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), hybrid SOFC, and SOFC-IGCC hybrid power stations, and installation of CO2 capture systems.

This study evaluated the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction potential of utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) pellets from Indonesia as a power generation fuel in Japan. EFB is commonly processed through mulching or combustion; thus, these methods were used as the reference scenarios to compare emissions with EFB pellet utilization. Additionally, we assessed whether EFB pellets could outperform coal-fired and liquid natural gas (LNG) combined cycle power generation in terms of GHG emissions reduction. The life-cycle GHG emissions for EFB pellet utilization in Japan were calculated at 285 kg-CO2eq per metric ton of EFB (at 60 % moisture content, wet basis), surpassing the reference scenario by 278−279 kg-CO2eq. Compared to coal-fired power generation, EFB pellet utilization achieved a 33 % GHG emissions reduction, but emissions exceeded those of LNG combined cycle generation. The primary emissions source was biogas derived CH4 released during wastewater treatment in pellet production. A sensitivity analysis, considering biogas treatment rates and power generation efficiency, demonstrated that EFB pellet use could reduce GHG emissions relative to LNG combined cycle generation under specific conditions. These include operation in large-scale power plants with a generation efficiency of at least 40 % and a biogas reduction rate of 49 %. The findings suggest that EFB pellet utilization in Japan could contribute to GHG emissions reduction if a stable supply system is established to support large-scale power plants. Successful implementation requires developing incentives for biogas treatment at pellet mills and accurately assessing EFB availability to prevent competition with existing uses.

In this paper, research will be discussed on how to scientifically, systematically, and economically reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the state of West Virginia, USA. While fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas remain the top resources within this particular state, there are new technologies, different approaches and modifications to current power generation cycles, and different fuels that can be presented to gain further reduction of these harmful emissions. To achieve this objective, eight different scenarios were introduced. In the first scenario, existing power stations’ fuel was switched to natural gas. Existing power plants were replaced by natural gas combined cycle (NGCC), integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), hybrid SOFC, and SOFC-IGCC hybrid power stations in scenarios number 2 to 6, respectively. The last two scenarios involved carbon capture systems. It has been found that the CO2 emissions can be significantly reduced by introducing changes and alternatives to the current cycles and methods that are in place today.

Energy-related activities are a major contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A growing body of knowledge clearly depicts the links between human activities and climate change. Over the last century the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil and other human activities has released carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and other heat-trapping GHG emissions into the atmosphere and thus increased the concentration of atmospheric CO2 emissions. The main human activities that emit CO2 emissions are (1) the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity, accounting for about 37% of total U.S. CO2 emissions and 31% of total U.S. GHG emissions in 2013, (2) the combustion of fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel to transport people and goods, accounting for about 31% of total U.S. CO2 emissions and 26% of total U.S. GHG emissions in 2013, and (3) industrial processes such as the production and consumption of minerals and chemicals, accounting for about 15% of total U.S. CO2 emissions and 12% of total ...

Major US electric utility climate pledges have the potential to collectively reduce power sector emissions by one-third

ABSTRACTIn this study, we used a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach to identify the key factors that influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials in air transport (ERPAT). We explored the correlations among constructs from the perspectives of aviation GHG emission reduction. Organisation type is one of the contextual factors that may change the nature of these correlations. Person- and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 249 aviation experts. The results obtained using SEM showed that aircraft technology and design, aviation operations and infrastructure, socio-economic and policy measures, and alternative fuels and fuel properties are the key factors for reducing GHG emission. Conclusively, organisation type can help in controlling the relationship among the constructs. Thus, organisation type acts as a moderator in the research model. The outputs can be used to measure the level of knowledge and understanding regarding ERPAT and can provide policy-makers, government organisations, and airlines with valuable information for designing appropriate air transport policies for emission reduction.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between the combined heat and power (CHP) plant and boiler, which became the main energy-generating facilities of “anaerobic digestion” (AD) biogas produced in Korea, and analyze the GHG emissions in a life cycle. Full-scale data from two Korean “wastewater treatment plants” (WWTPs), which operated boilers and CHP plants fueled by biogas, were used in order to estimate the reduction potential of GHG emissions based on a “life cycle assessment” (LCA) approach. The GHG emissions of biogas energy facilities were divided into pre-manufacturing stages, production stages, pretreatment stages, and combustion stages, and the GHG emissions by stages were calculated by dividing them into Scope1, Scope2, and Scope3. Based on the calculated reduction intensity, a comparison of GHG reduction effects was made by assuming a scenario in which the amount of biogas produced at domestic sewage treatment plants used for boiler heating is replaced by a CHP plant. Four different scenarios for utilizing biogas are considered based on the GHG emission potential of each utilization plant. The biggest reduction was in the scenario of using all of the biogas in CHP plants and heating the anaerobic digester through district heating. GHG emissions in a life cycle were slightly higher in boilers than in CHP plants because GHG emissions generated by pre-treatment facilities were smaller than other emissions, and lower Scope2 emissions in CHP plants were due to their own use of electricity produced. It was confirmed that the CHP plant using biogas is superior to the boiler in terms of GHG reduction in a life cycle.

Advanced bibliometric analysis on the development of natural gas combined cycle power plant with CO2 capture and storage technology

In this research, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries were determined in eight different countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Also, the difference between using prosuming electricity as a community (i.e., energy sharing) and prosuming it as an individual household was calculated. Results show that all investigated technologies have substantial GHG emission reduction potential. A strong moderating factor is the existing electricity generation mix of a country: the GHG emission reduction potential is highest in countries that currently have high hourly emission factors. GHG emission reduction potentials are highest in southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy) and lowest in countries with a high share of nuclear energy (Belgium, France). Hence, from a European GHG emission reduction perspective, it has most impact to install PV in countries that currently have a fossil-fueled electricity mix and/or have high solar irradiation. Lastly, we have seen that energy sharing leads to an increased GHG emission reduction potential in all countries, because it leads to higher PV capacities.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction in the electricity sector: Implications of increasing renewable energy penetration in Ghana's electricity generation mix

Electricity generation and GHG emission reduction potentials through different municipal solid waste management technologies: A comparative review

Greenhouse gas emissions from Thailand’s transport sector: Trends and mitigation options

Coupling of crop and livestock production can reduce the agricultural GHG emission from smallholder farms

A present challenge for research is to determine how to use the combination of oil, gas and coal most efficiently with the minimum environmental damage.In this paper the authors have compared technologies to produce the electricity using natural gas and coal.The objective of this paper consists in evaluation of the life cycle assessment of the natural gas and coal in order to compare their greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions.In this way, three systems with and without CCS were examined: one using the natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) and two using the coal: pulverized coal with sub-critical and super-critical parameters and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC).The study shows that life cycle GHG emissions from fossil fuel power stations with carbon capture and storage (CCS) can be reduced by 75-84% relative to the reference case.IGCC is found to be favorable with a reduction of GHG emissions to less than 160 g/kWh.For NGCC power plants, the amount of methane leakage from natural gas extraction and transport has a significant effect on life cycle GHG emissions.

Assessment of site-specific greenhouse gas emissions of chemical producers: Case studies of propylene and toluene diisocyanate