Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), are important causes of disability and death worldwide. FTY720, a structural sphingosine analog and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, is currently used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, recent in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that FTY720 plays a key role in many neurological diseases, especially in CNS injuries. In addition, FTY720 is under clinical trial for the treatment of acute stroke and ICH. FTY720 could exert anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress effects in CNS injuries through different molecules and pathways such as sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and P2 × 7 receptor (P2 × 7R). Thus, FTY720 shows great promise for the treatment of CNS injuries. This review covers a brief introduction about the relationship between FTY270 and CNS injuries, and an updated overview of downstream molecules of FTY720 in CNS injuries.
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