Abstract
The basic precondition of proper intrauterine growth is appropriate supply of nutrients transported through placenta. Placenta capacity in the scope of transportation is dependent on transport systems and the structure of the basement membrane and syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membrane. The present pilot study demonstrates preliminary results of the analysis of placenta structure in the course of selected pathologies by FT Raman spectroscopy analysis. The observed changes of the molecular structure in the so-called average spectra, independent of methodical processing, may be an indicator of the efficiency of transportation controlled by syncytiotrophoblast. In particular, an increase in the intensity of dispersion and transfer within the frequency of 3425–3300 cm−1 demonstrate the dynamics of the interaction in the scope of hydrogen bonds in healthy tissues. Changes in the molecular structure within the frequency of 950–750 cm−1 and conformational changes within disulphide bonds differentiate the healthy tissue from the pathological one. Changes in the molecular structure observed in the FTR spectra are a spectroscopic image of placenta functions in the course of various pathologies. They also document a complex goal of our research that is finding spectroscopic biomarkers of regular and pathological placental tissue.
Highlights
Preterm births remain an important and still not completely resolved problem of perinatal medicine
Observed changes of molecular structure visible in the FTR spectra may be indicators of the efficiency of transport controlled by syncytiotrophoblast, and they may be the marker of placenta function in the course of various pathologies such as delivery of an intrauterine growth restriction neonate, intrauterine growth restriction in the course of gestosis, delivery of a large for gestational age neonate, or delivery of a full-term healthy neonate
Women who participated in the research program were classified into three groups according to the following criteria: Group AGA (Appropriate for gestational age, n = 13): healthy mothers, routine and uneventful pregnancy, fullterm delivery healthy neonates; Group LGA (Large for gestational age, n = 3): mothers who gave birth to full-term but large for gestational age neonates; Group intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (Intrauterine growth restriction, n = 8): mothers who gave birth to babies diagnosed with IUGR; Group IUGR-G (Intrauterine growth restriction with gestosis, n = 3): mothers with gestosis who gave birth to babies diagnosed with IUGR
Summary
Preterm births remain an important and still not completely resolved problem of perinatal medicine. Preterm or/and small for gestational age (SGA) neonate or/and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) neonate care is a huge economic problem in neonatal intensive care units. Spectroscopic validation of protein and lipid structure of placenta membrane in the course of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is very informative, which may give basis for the application of early therapy of the developing fetus. Observed changes of molecular structure visible in the FTR spectra may be indicators of the efficiency of transport controlled by syncytiotrophoblast, and they may be the marker of placenta function in the course of various pathologies such as delivery of an intrauterine growth restriction neonate, intrauterine growth restriction in the course of gestosis, delivery of a large for gestational age neonate, or delivery of a full-term healthy neonate
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