Fréquence de l’allergie à la pénicilline autodéclarée dans le département de Seine-Saint-Denis

Abstract

Purpose Penicillin allergy is a well-known notion among the general population. Because it is rarely questioned, many patients carry this label unnecessarily and cannot use this efficient and cheap antibiotic family. In previous studies, 8–10% subjects declare a penicillin allergy. But these data came mainly from studies done in hospitals and we found interesting to evaluate a general non-hospitalised population. Methods We set up a study in ambulatory patients of Seine-Saint-Denis (French geographic area in the north east of Paris). It was a transversal study, on a single day, in March 2005. Hundred general practitioners were randomised in this geographic area. All their patients from that day were included and were asked to complete a simple questionnaire. Results Among 1057 patients who participated, 99 (9.4%) declared to be allergic to penicillin. Penicillin A was the most cited antibiotic. The most frequently reported clinical manifestations were skin rash (58.6%) and 13 patients (13.1%) reported some severe signs (coma or emergency hospitalisation) of which 11 were anaphylactic shock; eight patients (8.8%) reported digestive signs less compatible with an allergic mechanism. Asthma and eczema appeared to be significantly reported to penicillin allergy in our population sample. Conclusion The percentage of self-declared allergy found in this study is similar to previous publications. Among penicillins, Penicillin A is the most frequently involved. This study also shows the importance of meticulously questioning patients as it can correct a false diagnosis of penicillin allergy.