Abstract
From Traditional to Laser Cleaning Techniques of Parchment Manuscripts: A Review
Highlights
Parchment is a material derived from an animal source which has been used for centuries as a writing material for historical manuscripts, documents and works of art [1]
This study aims to: Do a survey on the stains types found on parchment manuscripts
Sakr et al [14] reported that microorganisms plays an important role in deterioration of parchment with irreversible degradation with different stains derived from different sources of microorganisms
Summary
Parchment is a material derived from an animal source which has been used for centuries as a writing material for historical manuscripts, documents and works of art [1]. Collagen structure consists of three individual protein strands in the a-helix conformation These are rigidly held by strong hydrogen bonding interaction between the hydroxyl of the hydroxy-proline and the amino hydrogens of adjacent glycine units [4]. Dust and soot stains Dust and soot are considered dangerous sources of solid particles on manuscripts. Dust: Dust is one of the major components of atmospheric pollution It is composed of fine dry particles or any finely powdered substance of earth and any other matter in the air. Soot: Soot is a black flaky or powdery substance of carbon particles which is produced by imperfect combustion of coal, wood, oil, etc; it causes damage to manuscripts [45]. Smoke resulting from incomplete combustion produces tiny particles of carbon in the air When deposited, these particulates are identified as soot (Fig. 3). It becomes very difficult to remove it as it chemically binds to the fibres of the manuscripts
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