From the Pulpit to the Screen: The Dynamics of Fatwa Mediatization on Philanthropy in Indonesia

This article aims to dig deeper into the concept of Indonesian philanthropy in dealing with the pandemic seen from the social base of the Indonesian people. This study uses a qualitative approach with the grounded theory method. This research results show a collective awareness of Durkheim's understanding that characterizes mechanical solidarity; in the case of philanthropy in Indonesia, it is at the intersection of mechanical and organic solidarity. The strengthening of generosity can be explained from the theory of social facts that there are non-material social facts that shape the spirit of the Indonesian people's philanthropic movement, namely generosity and collective awareness that characterize mechanical solidarity in rural areas that occurs in modern society with organic solidarity.

Cash waqf is one of the growing instruments of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia as an alternative to religious social funding. The practice of cash waqf has strategic potential in empowering the ummah's economy if managed sharia-compliant and professionally. However, in order to ensure its blessing and conformity with the objectives of Islamic law (maqashid sharia), it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of its implementation. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which cash waqf practices in Indonesia have been in accordance with the five main principles of maqashid sharia, namely the preservation of religion (hifzh al-din), soul (hifzh al-nafs), intellect (hifzh al-'aql), offspring (hifzh al-nasl), and wealth (hifzh al-mal). The method used is a qualitative approach with literature study and content analysis of regulations, waqf institution policies, and performance reports from several leading waqf institutions in Indonesia. The results show that cash waqf practices in Indonesia have generally supported the principles of hifzh al-mal and hifzh al-nafs through economic empowerment programs and social assistance. However, compliance with the principles of hifzh al-din and hifzh al-'aql is still limited and needs to be strengthened, particularly through the development of waqf-based education programs. This study recommends increasing the integration between cash waqf management and the overarching objectives of maqashid sharia to realize social justice and the welfare of the people in a sustainable manner.

Many communities are still trapped in poverty, with limited access to resources and economic opportunities. Certain community groups, especially in remote areas, often do not have equal access to education, health, and public services. The problems of poverty and social welfare today can be overcome through Islamic philanthropy which includes zakat, infaq, and sedekah. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic philanthropy in community empowerment through Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama institutions in West Java. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data are sourced from articles and journals discussing Islamic philanthropy, including case studies relevant to the West Java context. The results show that Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) play an important role in social philanthropy in Indonesia, each with an approach that focuses on health, education, and community empowerment. Both organizations have a significant impact on community empowerment, with their contributions including poverty alleviation, increasing access to education, and improving health conditions. Challenges and limitations in Muhammadiyah and NU philanthropic efforts include the lack of efficiency in fund management, low community participation, and difficulty in reaching vulnerable groups. In addition, both organizations often face challenges in terms of coordination and collaboration between institutions, which can hinder their philanthropic impact. It is hoped that further research can improve the impact of Islamic philanthropy on society.

Indonesia is the most generous country by donating unknown people, money donations, and volunteer activities based on the World Giving Index by the Muslim majority population, contributing to the poor's socioeconomic, welfare, and empowerment. Zakat is a philanthropic activity with great potential and utilization, but there is a gap between its revenue potential and its realization. This research aims to describe the hope that zakat will strengthen philanthropy in Indonesia. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach and reports from zakat institution's secondary data sources. The results showed 81 amil zakat institutions and 491 zakat bureaus as zakat collection institutions increased in zakat collection by 26%, consisting of zakat fitrah, zakat mal income, zakat institutions, and individual zakat as 5.1 million people and corporate zakat as 36,000. Zakat through e-zakat or bank transfers and e-payments reached 93% during the Covid-19 pandemic. Zakat gives excellent hope to society's welfare through government and stakeholder regulations that can reduce the level of poverty. Zakat IDR 10.2 trillion gives hope to 23 million people and frees 15759 from the poverty line with better distribution effectiveness; the philanthropic hope of strengthening zakat in Indonesia has provided benefits and community welfare.

Indonesia, as the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, is also recognized as the most generous country according to the World Giving Index 2022. Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth since the reform era, marked by an increased awareness of the importance of professional management to maximize the impact on the underprivileged. Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) is one of the prominent Islamic philanthropic organizations with various initiatives such as Global Qurban and Global Wakaf, which have received positive responses from the Indonesian public. However, in 2022, ACT faced several allegations of financial misconduct, including embezzlement, misuse of donation funds from Boeing, mismanagement of waqf funds, excessive donation deductions, and money laundering. These scandals not only disrupted ACT's financial stability but also led to legal consequences for several of its executives. In Islam, the concept of Maqashid Syariah provides a framework for analyzing phenomena that may harm the Muslim community, including controversies involving ACT. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach to examine the ACT controversies through the lens of Maqashid Syariah. Based on this analysis, as an Islamic philanthropic institution entrusted with managing ZISWAF (Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah, and Waqf) funds, ACT should adhere to the principles of Maqashid Syariah to avoid actions that undermine the protection of intellect, life, and wealth, which are part of the Maqasid al-Khamsah. This study contributes to the literature on Islamic Economics by providing insights into the application of Maqashid Syariah in the context of Islamic philanthropy. The practical implications of this research emphasize the importance of accountability and transparency in the management of ZISWAF funds by Islamic philanthropic organizations, regulators, and the community to ensure compliance with Maqashid Syariah.

<em><span lang="IN">The issue of child protection has become the main concern of the government in recent years. The challenges of child protection are very diverse, ranging from poverty, ownership of birth certificates, child participation to violence against children. Related to children's civil rights, in the form of basic rights to obtain birth certificate documents. If the child does not have proof of identity, his whereabouts are not recognized by the state. In fact, children cannot access educational facilities, health care, social assistance, and other vital services. The consequence of not having a birth certificate makes it difficult to prove the legal identity of the child. When both parents get into trouble in court, the rights of the child are always neglected because they cannot prove that they are legitimate children in the eyes of the parents.</span><span lang="IN">law. </span><span lang="EN">The purpose of this research</span></em><em><span lang="IN">To find out and analyze </span><span lang="EN">the perspective of laws and regulations on the legal status of children born </span><span lang="IN">from unregistered marriages</span><span lang="EN">. This study uses a </span><span lang="IN">sociological juridical research method with a descriptive qualitative research approach and interactive analysis techniques.</span></em>

<span lang="IN">This study aims to analyse the application of School-Based Management (SBM) in improving technology</span><span lang="IN">using ChatGPT</span><span lang="IN">-based mathematics learning in Junior High Schools (SMP). This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, which involves observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data from several junior high schools that apply SBM in mathematics learning. The collected data was analysed using thematic analysis techniques to identify patterns that emerged related to the application of SBM and technology in the learning process. The results show that applying SBM can increase the use of technology in mathematics learning, which contributes to improving the quality of learning. The contribution of this research is to provide new insights into the role of SBM in optimising the use of technology</span><span lang="IN">using ChatGPT</span><span lang="IN">to enhance the quality of mathematics learning in junior high schools.</span>

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Objective: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">The objective of the research was to identify crises on layer poultry farms specifically in Yogyakarta Special Province during COVID-19 pandemic and investigate business resiliency management to be utilised by the farmers to deal with the situation.</span></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">The research was conducted on Yogyakarta Special Province in April-October 2020 with qualitative approach method and data collection was taken using in depth interview method. Research respondents were 2 layer farmers who were also chairman of farmers association, namely <em>Pinsar Petelur Nasional</em> and 10 farmers purposively selected using snow-ball sampling method. Data collection was taken by face to face indepth and telephone interview and subsequently data was analysed descriptively and by using content analysis</span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span><strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US">: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Layer poultry farmers of Yogyakarta Special Province had faced challenges on their business environment that was becoming business crisis source due to disease outbreaks, natural disasters, monetary crisis, to COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts caused by the pandemic on layer poultry industry of Yogyakarta Special Province affected market demand, distribution, egg price fluctuation and feed price, respectively. Learning through self-awareness on environmental changes and conducting community and organisation coordinations that was PPN and the adaptational management that adopted by farmers to overcome the impact of COVID-19 in business.</span><strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Experience and endurance levels were the keys to resolve risks throughout running a farming business is important asset in conducting resiliency management in mitigating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Presence of community, group, and organisation networks will be usefull for the growth of capacity and opportunity of farmers in utilising novel and communication technology to negotiate with relevant farming industry stakeholders to maintain the existence of layer farmers in industry during and after the pandemic. Government supports and appropriate policy are also needed in supporting a hospitable business climate for the continuity of layer poultry farms.</span></p>

<p class="Default"><em><span lang="TR">This study analyzes the news about conflict between Israel and Palestine in online news media Foxnews.com on May 2021. The characteristics of news from these news media have quite specific characteristics, which is a strong tone, using open visualization, inviting debate, and succeeding in getting thousands of comments from the audience. In this point, even though the news is read by many people, it is also has the potential to exacerbate conflict in the field. This study adopts Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis method which develops analysis from the microstructure, superstructure, and macrostructure levels. The micro structure level looks at the local meaning of the news text from the choice of diction, sentence structure, and rhetoric. Then, the super structure level examines the news scheme, consisting of introduction, content and conclusion. Furthermore, macro structural analysis tries to see the global meaning of news texts by looking at news topics and the surrounding social context. The results of the study show that the Israel and Palestine conflict is not only due to the conflict of one of the group carrying out the attack. But at the same time it was also caused by hard conflict news, there was trauma to the victims in the conflict, as well as the global security conditions still not stable until now. </span></em><em><span lang="EN-US"> </span></em></p>

<p class="Abstract"><em><span lang="EN-GB">This </span></em><em><span lang="EN-US">research</span></em><em><span lang="EN-GB"> aims to explore the extent to which the Covid-19 pandemic with all kinds of restrictions that occur affects the soundscape experience, and explores the extent to which an audial study was created at Taman Dewi Sartika Bandung as a thematic city park in the center of Bandung City. This is deemed necessary so that practical and theoretical contributions are not only limited to visual goals but also give meaning to audial experience. The soundscape approach has not been widely applied in the architectural design process, especially in urban parks in the city center in Indonesia, particurarly in Bandung. This research was conducted</span></em><em><span lang="EN-US"> by</span></em><em><span lang="EN-GB"> using observations at Dewi Sartika Park, and used a qualitative and quantitative approach, accompanied by an exploratory literature review on soundscapes, city parks as part of public space, and human perception. Through this research, it was found that the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the soundscape experience and shifted the existence of the park from being very cultural, namely domination in aspects of activity and place, to being very natural which is "sacred".</span></em></p>

<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of the study is to </span><span lang="EN-US">explore the perspective of teachers on the use of tablet-based applications with young autistic children through a qualitative case study approach.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Eight schoolteachers were interviewed for the study. This paper reports the findings of teachers’ perceptions towards the Autism Aid application with their learners, which has been designed based on their cognitive ability and school curriculum, e.g., self-management skills. The </span><span lang="EN-US">findings</span><span lang="EN-US"> showed that generalization based on the design of tablet applications used could be problematic due to the limited number of participants, as well as the potential impact of teaching philosophies and previous experiences. Second, the results have shown that motivation, the human-model, and the use of technology in the classroom affected children’s learning outcomes.</span></p>

<p><strong><span lang="EN-GB">The tradition of reciting Manaqib Syekh Muhammad Samman in Palembang has deep historical and religious roots, especially in the Nimbang Bunting traditional ceremony. This tradition reflects the religious identity of the Palembang people while preserving ancestral heritage which is a means of prayer and preserving the community's moral values. This Research aims to describe the tradition of reading the Manaqib of Sheikh Muhammad Samman, authored by Sheikh Azhari, in the Nimbang Bunting ceremony in Palembang. The study uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through direct observation during the ceremony and interviews with Manaqib readers and ceremony participants. The data were analyzed descriptively to illustrate this tradition. The research findings indicate that reading the Manaqib by specific individuals (women), known as Maco Hol, is the core of the Nimbang Bunting ceremony. The readings are conducted using Latin-Malay scripts, which most participants understand. The ceremony also involves symbols, hopes, and prayers associated with the Manaqib readings. These findings highlight the importance of the tradition of reading the Manaqib of Sheikh Muhammad Samman in the culture and life of the Palembang community. This tradition not only serves as a form of respect for the Sufi figure but also plays a role in strengthening the cultural and religious identity of the local community. The results of this study are expected to provide deeper insights into this tradition and serve as a reference for future research.</span></strong></p><p><strong><em><span lang="EN-GB">Keywords - </span></em></strong><em><span lang="EN-GB">Manaqib, Nimbang Bunting, Sheikh Muhammad Samman, Tradition.</span></em></p>

<p><strong><span lang="IN">The Tang Dynasty is one of the most famous dynasties in China. In addition to the discovery of many discoveries, this dynasty also has many interesting stories. One of them is the story of Empress Wu Zetian (</span><span>武则天</span><span lang="IN">Wǔzétiān). who is the only female emperor in China. The story of Empress Wu Zetian, the female emperor, has attracted a lot of interest from the public and even novelists. This study reviews the impact of Empress Wu Zetian's leadership on traditional Chinese society in the novel The True Story of China's Cleopatra. The author uses a qualitative descriptive approach, a research approach by examining qualitative sources to examine the impact of Empress Wu Zetian's leadership on traditional Chinese society in the novel The True Story of China's Cleopatra. From the research that has been done, it is known that during her reign, Empress Wu Zetian has made many positive impacts on current traditional Chinese society. Examples such as the existence of a state examination system that can be followed by all circles of society, the abolition of taxes to workers and farmers, the development of Buddhism and also equal rights for women in its time</span></strong>.</p><p><strong><em><span lang="IN">Keywords </span></em></strong><span lang="IN">-<em> The True Story of China’s Cleopatra, Empress Wu Zetian, Tang Dynasty, The Impact of her rule</em></span></p>

In the modern era, discerning TV viewers know the shows that trade in cheap laughs by making fun of people with disabilities are not tapping into much creativity. So it was a surprise in 2008 when the highly regarded comedy show Saturday Night Live (SNL) stooped to that level by ridiculing the blind governor of New York, David Paterson, in a series of sketches lasting two years. This article analyzes the way humor narratives about a high-profile blind politician on television, like those depicted in the SNL skits, may have influenced larger cultural themes about blindness. Because the East Coast news media reported on the SNL skits every time an episode aired, this project undertook a textual analysis of all aspects of the controversy including the content of the SNL skits, the repeated responses from Gov. Paterson and the blindness community, and the news media framing of the SNL-Paterson skit story. This analysis examines the intertextuality of the event, revealing that the blindness community had a very different reading of the SNL skits, due to concerns about continuing media narratives that devalue and stereotype them. Keywords: blindness, disability humor, TV comedy shows, skit comedy, politicians

<p><span lang="EN-ID">This research aims at identifying the possibility of transforming Serangan Island into a sustainable culinary tourism destination through creating culinary offers and employing appropriate marketing strategy. Serangan Island is located in the south of Denpasar, Bali and offers opportunities for nature tourism and cultural experiences, but has not been fully developed to sustain culinary tourism. Since this work aims to explore and describe the best practices in the context of the hospitality and culinary, this research employs a qualitative research approach and case study method in order to examine the sustainability of tourism in the context of Serangan Island. </span>The findings of this research indicate that culinary creativeness in Serangan Island is the integration of local food and native methods of cooking along with sustainability including food wastage as well as sustainable sources of energy. Besides, efforts made in marketing and branding of the island as the culinary tourism destination has also been effective specifically in the area of local partnership and usage of social networks.This research highlights how creativity in culinary activities and marketing strategies are relevant in creating a local community-supported sustainable tourism system. Thus advances theory and practice of sustainable tourism and provides recommendation for best practice for tourist stakeholders to embrace the concept of sustainable gastronomic destinations in Serangan Island.</p><p><strong><span lang="EN-ID">Keywords</span></strong><span lang="EN-ID">: Sustainable Gastronomy Destination, Culinary Innovation, Tourism Marketing</span></p>