From State Dominance to Market Orientation: The Composition and Evolution of Gender Discourse

Abstract

国家、市场与传统文化是构成性别话语的三个基本要素。从改革开放前30年到后30年，中国社会的性别话语发生了明显转型，由国家主导的“泛政治化”模型转变为市场导向的“泛市场化”模型。市场化一方面改变了国家话语的叙述方式和内容，另一方面也导致了市场话语和传统话语的结盟。转型后的性别话语本质上是一种素质话语，它不再表现为一种由国家建构的、在实践中打了折扣的意识形态意义上的平等神话，而是表现为一种在现代性和个体自由的诉求中利用国家、市场和传统文化的各方力量平衡做出主体选择的精打细算的应对策略。 关键词: 性别话语转型市场化建构 State, market and traditional culture are the three fundamental elements constructing gender discourse. The three decades before the initiation of reform and opening up in 1978 and the three after have witnessed a clear transition in gender discourse in Chinese society, from state‐dominated pan‐politicization to a pan‐marketization orientation. Marketization has changed the content and form of state discourse and led to an alliance of market discourse with traditional discourse. The changed gender discourse is essentially a discourse of quality, one that is no longer presented as an ideological myth of equality constructed by the state and discounted in practice but as a set of deliberate response strategies which are adopted to make independent choices balancing the three forces of the state, the market and traditional culture in the midst of appeals for modernity and individual freedom.