From screen to field: the impact of digital sports participation on leisure time satisfaction.

Background and purpose Adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction plays an important role in development (their), influencing academic success, self-esteem, and/or well-being. Structured leisure is associated with higher satisfaction, while unstructured is associated with health problems (mental). Study aims to examine adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction in Slovakia; in particular, differences in gender. Material and methods 20-item survey was carried out 10 weeks (January 1 – March 10, 2024), targeting 2764 Slovak adolescents (41.98% boys, and 58.02% girls) aged 17.4–17.6 years. 20-item survey, adapted for study, examined the Slovak adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction across 5 sections; in particular, active leisure, passive leisure, education leisure, leisure caring, and social leisure, and by means of Assumption of Homogeneity of Variance and Independent Samples, 2-Sample T-Test, and Anova, of which the significance level (p) was 0.01 and 0.05 (Ibm Spss Modeler). Results Adolescent boys and girls reported moderate satisfaction in leisure time (boys: 3.44, girls: 3.48); however, significant (p) differences in gender were in specific sections of leisure. Adolescent boys reported higher satisfaction in active leisure (2.80 vs. 2.36; p < 0.01), while girls reported higher satisfaction in passive leisure (3.66 vs. 3.30; p < 0.01), leisure education (2.66 vs. 2.46; p < 0.01), leisure caring (2.56 vs. 2.36; p < 0.01), and social leisure (2.30 vs. 2. 14, p < 0.01). Results (our) indicate that adolescent girls derive (more) satisfaction from leisure that involve learning, nurturing, and social interaction. Conclusions It (study) highlights significant (p) differences in gender in adolescents’ leisure time satisfaction, as is shaped by social norms and preferences of adolescents. Adolescent boys seek autonomy and competence in active pursuits, while girls prioritize emotional connection and engagement in social leisure and leisure caring. Results (our) emphasize needs of gender-inclusive leisure programs that encourage diverse participation and/or address cultural (social) barriers.

Amaç: Günümüzde masa başı faaliyetlerin artması genç yetişkinlerde hareketsiz yaşam tarzına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle planlanan çalışmada fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile serbest zaman memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş ve fiziksel aktivite ile serbest zaman memnuniyeti üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırma 130 önlisans öğrencisi üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma kapsamında verilerin elde edilmesinde sosyodemografik veri formu ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği kısa formu ile Serbest Zaman Tatmin Ölçeği uzun formu kullanıldı. Sonuçlar %95 güven aralığında ve p˂0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Araştırma örneklemini oluşturan öğrencilerin %79,2’sini kadın öğrenciler oluşturdu. Öğrencilerin %11,54’ünün düşük, %45,38’inin orta ve %43,08’inin yüksek fiziksel aktivite düzeyine sahip olduğu ortaya kondu. Vücut kitle indeksi ile fiziksel aktivite arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadı(p>0,05). Boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı ve cinsiyet fiziksel aktivite düzeyini etkileyen faktörler olarak belirlendi. Erkek öğrencilerde fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu saptandı(p<0,05). Serbest Zaman Tatmin Ölçeği’ne göre öğrencilerin ortalama puanı 87,97±8,91 olarak elde edildi. Obez öğrencilerde serbest zaman memnuniyet oranı daha yüksek bulundu. Öğrencilerin Serbest Zaman Tatmin Ölçeği ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği toplam puanları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı(r=-0,180, p<0,05). Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucuna göre meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve serbest zaman memnuniyetleri yeterince yüksek değildi. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün tavsiyeleri doğrultusunda genç yetişkinlerde fiziksel aktiviteyi ve aktif serbest zaman aktivitelerini artırmaya yönelik adımların atılması, sağlıklı bir yaşam için önem arz etmektedir.

Objective: This study was planned in an attempt to evaluate the relationship between time management skills and leisure time management. Material and Method: This study was conducted with 325 students. Time Management Inventory and Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale were used to assess students’ time management and leisure activity satisfaction. Students’ leisure time satisfaction and time management skills were compared according to accommodation, grade, and gender. Results: There was positive relationship between time management and leisure time satisfaction (r: 0.351; p: 0.001). Conclusion: It is thought that this study provides information on the relationship between time management and leisure time usage for university curriculum planners, and community health professionals. Inclusion of time management and leisure time usage courses to undergraduate education can help university students to improve their time management skills and increase their participation in leisure time activities which will encourage university students’ to use potential strategies that help to develop healthy and active communities.

Caregiving is known to limit participation in a variety of roles. Leisure roles are increasingly recognized as important for the well-being of older adults. Little is known, however, about the impact of caregiving on leisure activities, and existing measures are of limited utility in caregiving research. We developed the Leisure Time Satisfaction (LTS) measure to allow further study of the impact of caregiving on caregivers’ leisure time satisfaction, the role of leisure in understanding the caregiving process, and whether caregiving interventions improve leisure time satisfaction. The six-item LTS measure shows excellent psychometric properties, including internal consistency, a single factor structure, and convergent validity. Psychometric features are robust across diverse groups of caregivers, including subgroups varying by race/ethnicity and relationship to the care recipient. The LTS measure appears to be a promising tool for inclusion in caregiving research.

Commuting between home and work is routinely performed by workers and any wellbeing impacts of commuting will consequently affect a large proportion of the population. This paper presents findings from analyses of the impact of commuting (time and mode) on multiple aspects of Subjective Well-Being (SWB), including: satisfaction with life overall and the SWB sub-domains of job satisfaction, satisfaction with leisure time availability and self-reported health. Measures of strain and mental health (GHQ-12) are also examined. Six waves of individual-level panel data from Understanding Society (2009/10 to 2014/15) are analysed, providing a sample of over 26,000 workers living in England. Associations between commuting and SWB are identified, paying particular attention to those arising from individual changes in commuting circumstances over the six waves. It is found that longer commute times are associated with lower job and leisure time satisfaction, increased strain and poorer mental health. The strongest association is found for leisure time satisfaction. Despite these negative associations with the SWB sub-domains, longer commute times were not associated with lower overall life satisfaction (except where individuals persisted with them over all six waves). Workers in England appear to be successful in balancing the negative aspects of commuting against the wider benefits, e.g. access to employment, earnings and housing. Differences amongst selected population sub-groups are also examined. The job satisfaction of younger adults and lower income groups are not found to be negatively associated with longer commute times; longer commute times are more strongly negatively associated with the job satisfaction of women compared to men. With respect to mode of transport, walking to work is associated with increased leisure time satisfaction and reduced strain. The absence of the commute, via working from home, is associated with increased job satisfaction and leisure time satisfaction. Overall, the study indicates that shorter commute times and walkable commutes can contribute to improved SWB—particularly through the release of leisure time. But life satisfaction overall will only be maintained if the benefits of undertaking the commute (earnings and satisfactory housing/employment) are not compromised.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical education teachers' recreational activity participation, leisure time satisfaction, and cognitive flexibility. The relationship between the benefits that physical education teachers derive from participating in recreational activities, their levels of satisfaction during leisure time, and their cognitive flexibility. A total of 515 participants took part in the research. Out of these, 191 were female and 324 were male. All the participants were employed by physical education departments in Antalya. The teachers who participated in the research were selected using the homogeneous sampling method, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, and voluntary participation was considered in determining the participants. In the collection of research data, the scales were filled in electronically. The Personal Information Form developed by the researcher was used to obtain sociodemographic data. In addition, the Recreation Utility Scale designed by Ho in 2008 (26), the Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale developed by Beard and Ragheb in 1980 (6), and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale developed by Martin and Rubin in 1995 (34) were used to measure how individuals spend their ‘leisure time’ physically, psychologically, and socially. The data obtained from the scales were analyzed and interpreted through statistical methods based on the research problems. SPSS version 25 statistical programs was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analyses, including frequency and percentage distributions of the responses to the scale questions, as well as arithmetic mean and standard deviation scores, interpretive statistical analyses were performed based on the results of the normality analysis of the data, and correlation (Pearson) analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables. The reliability level for this study was accepted as 0.05. When the findings were examined, according to the results of the research, it can be said that the physical education teachers participating in the research generally think that recreational activities are beneficial in terms of physical, psychological, and social aspects. However, they exhibited an attitude that recreational activities contribute more to individuals' physical and psychological characteristics while contributing less to their social lives or socialization. Additionally, it can be said that they are generally satisfied with leisure activities, but they believe that the places where these activities are carried out need to be better designed or increased. The cognitive flexibility levels of physical education teachers were found to be close to "somewhat agree" and they have a positive cognitive flexibility. According to the findings obtained regarding the sub-problem of the research, "Is there a statistically significant relationship between the benefits of physical education teachers' participation in recreational activities, their leisure satisfaction, and cognitive flexibility levels?", it was determined that there were statistically significant (p

The aim of this research conducted with folk dancers is to examine the leisure time, satisfaction and happiness levels of folk dancers. In this context, the universe sample group of the relevant research was 75 folk dancers in Alanya. The relevant data was collected from folk dancers through Google forms. In the study, short Oxford happiness and leisure time satisfaction scale was used as a data collection medium. SPSS 26.0 program was used in the analysis of the data obtained within the scope of the study. In the study, the normality of the data was examined by looking at the skewness and kurtosis values before the analysis. Since the skewness and kurtosis values of the data obtained from folk dancers are between -1.5 + 1.5 reference values, the normal distribution is accepted (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2013). Therefore, sample t test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis independent of parametric tests were performed in the study. As a result of this research, which was carried out to examine the leisure time and happiness levels of folk dancers, it was found that the leisure time satisfaction levels of male folk dancers were higher than female folk dancers, and as the education level decreased, happiness was affected accordingly.

This study aims to examine the relationship between leisure time satisfaction and life satisfaction of university students receiving Reformer Pilates training. For this purpose, 234 people from Afyonkarahisar province, reached by purposeful sampling method, constituted the research participants. Leisure Satisfaction Scale developed by Beard and Raghep (1980) and The Satisfaction with Life Scale developed by Ed Diener et al. (1985) was used as a data collection tool. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the Leisure Satisfaction Scale was 0.76, and the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the life satisfaction scale was 0.70. For the sub-dimensions of the leisure satisfaction scale, the internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. Validity and reliability analysis (EFA) of the obtained data was performed, then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied. As a result of the established model (RMSEA = .07, CFI = .96), a highly significant relationship was found between leisure time satisfaction and life satisfaction (p0.05). It was found that the leisure time satisfaction levels of female students who took the reformer pilates training had a high effect on life satisfaction. The findings suggest that reformer pilates training plays an important role in increasing life satisfaction in young women as a leisure time evaluation tool.

It is well established that family and work-retirement transitions are increasingly becoming more complicated, extended, and reversible among aging parents. Combined with improved life expectancy, older parents are now confronted with new opportunities and challenges including their access to leisure activities. However, a paucity of research exists with regard to the extent to which older-aged parents are satisfied with their amount of leisure time as well as their ideal leisure preferences. Drawing upon socio-cultural life course theory, this paper examines how socio-demographic and ethnocultural variables (i.e., gender, ethnic identity), family-related factors (e.g., presence of children in the household), and socio-economic and work contexts (i.e., income satisfaction and retirement status) shape leisure time satisfaction and activity preferences. Data are drawn from the "Families and Retirement Project," a sample of 588 diverse (British-, Chinese-, Iranian/Persian-, South-Asian Canadians) aged 50 + (mean age = 59.6) residing in Metro Vancouver with at least one young adult child aged 19-35. Quantitative analyses reveal that leisure time satisfaction is higher among: those reporting lower levels of parental stress, the fully retired, those with less education, and among Chinese parents (compared to British). Moreover, strong variations by ethnic background are shown in preferred leisure activity, based on a thematic analysis of data. Results are discussed in terms of contributions to a socio-cultural family life course activity theory. Implications for community service provision (e.g., culturally sensitive and relevant recreational programs and services) are also highlighted, given the salience of participation in enjoyable leisure activities to healthy aging.

Psychological well-being of hybrid entrepreneurs: A replication and extension study using German panel data

The purpose of this study was to determine quality of life, leisure time satisfaction, activity performance, and community participation and analyze the relationship between these determinants and community participation in both physically disabled individuals working in industrial environments and nonworking individuals who are physically disabled. Sociodemographic data was registered into a sociodemographic form. World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 was used to assess community participation. Activity performance was evaluated with Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Leisure Satisfaction Scale was used to determine leisure time satisfaction. Short Form-36 was used for evaluating quality of life. When the participants were compared in terms of working status, a significant difference according to their WHO-DAS-II total scores were found (p < 0.05). When all participants were compared in terms of activity performance, lesisure time satisfaction, quality of life a significant differences according to their WHO-DAS-II total scores were found (p>0.05). This study shows that community participation was affected by working status, disability level, activity performance, leisure time satisfaction and quality of life. In this regard, occupational therapy and physiotherapy approaches were found necessary for developing community participation. We conclude that this study's results can be used as a guide for community participation in disabled people in community based rehabilitation politics.

Do work-family initiatives improve employee mental health? Longitudinal evidence from a nationally representative cohort

Despite evidence of the numerous benefits of leisure to health and well-being appropriate tools to assess this construct are lacking. The purpose of this work was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Leisure Time Satisfaction (LTS). The sample was made up of 1048 primary family caregivers of dependent people. Scale structure was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent and convergent validity were assessed by correlation with validated questionnaires for measuring burden (Zarit Burden Inventory - ZBI) and health (SF-36 Health Survey). The results show a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha = .938) suitable fit of the dimensional model tested via confirmatory factor analysis (GFI = .925, BBNNFI= .996; IFI= .998, RMSEA= .043), and appropriate convergent validity with similar constructs (r = -.44 with ZBI; and r-values between .226 and .440 with SF-36 dimensions). Psychometric results obtained from the LTS are promising and the results enable us to draw the conclusion that it is a suitable tool for assessing caregivers&rsquo; leisure time satisfaction.

Background: Research has found that carers have limited leisure engagement compared with non-carers and they have reduced mental wellbeing. Middle aged women who are intensive carers (>20 hours a week) are at particular risk and were therefore the focus for this study. Objectives: The cross-sectional part of this study aimed to explore whether there was an association between leisure time satisfaction, variety, sporting engagement and frequency of leisure with carer wellbeing. The longitudinal part of this study aimed to explore whether becoming an intensive carer was associated with reduced leisure engagement and reduced wellbeing. Further, whether leisure engagement predicts wellbeing. Method: This study used data from a national UK study (UKLHS) that stratified sampling across the country. Data was collected annually and waves two and five were used for this study as they included a module about leisure and culture. Wellbeing was assessed through the GHQ-12. Secondary analysis of this data included general linear modelling and chi square. Results: Generally, cross sectional hypotheses were supported although frequency of leisure engagement was less relevant for wellbeing than variety and satisfaction (the latter of which explained 12% of the variance). Individuals who did sport had better wellbeing than those who did not. Individuals who became carers did not reduce their leisure engagement more than non-carers. Change in satisfaction and variety predicted change in wellbeing but change in frequency did not. Unexpectedly, individuals who were not carers at wave two, but were at wave five had poorer wellbeing at both time points compared to the non-carers. Conclusions: Leisure is a key contributor to emotional wellbeing, in particular, carer’s satisfaction with the amount of leisure time they have and whether they engage in physical activities. This has important implications for services that work with carers at a local level, and at a policy level.

Background and Aim: The issue of sports participation has been one of the main concerns of physical education planners for a long time. With the spread of desk jobs and mass media and virtual social networks that encourage people to be inactive, this need is felt more than ever; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of facilitating work-leisure sports on job satisfaction and satisfaction with sports leisure time. Research method: The current research is a descriptive research of the correlation type and based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered a part of applied research. The data of this research was collected in the field and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the employees of Tehran Province Telecommunication Company, whose number is equal to 2610, and the statistical sample was selected based on Cochran's formula of 335 people and available. In this research, Liang et al.'s (2018) work facilitation-leisure time questionnaires, Kaman et al.'s (1990) job satisfaction, and Baird and Ragheb's (1983) leisure time satisfaction questionnaires were used. In addition to descriptive statistics indicators, Kolmogorov Smirnov test and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach were used. Data analysis tools are SPSS and SmartPLS software. Results: The results showed that work-leisure facilitation has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction and leisure time satisfaction at the level of 0.05. Facilitating work-leisure time does not have a significant effect on job satisfaction. Conclusion: Considering the significant positive impact of facilitating work-leisure time on job satisfaction, it is suggested that the telecommunication managers of Tehran province should be notified of leisure time programs during working hours as a directive for all provincial offices.