Abstract
The recent climb in U.S. incarceration rates is paralleled by a growing number of children experiencing parental incarceration, including some who follow their parents to prison as second-generation offenders. This study examines the historical experiences of 470 first- and second-generation incarcerated adults. Second-generation offenders reported more conduct disorder behaviors occurring prior to age 15, proportionately more juvenile criminal offending, and more childhood adversity than first-generation offenders. Childhood adversity partially mediated the relation between generation status and conduct disorder, but second-generation status maintained a unique direct effect. Similar analyses regarding juvenile offending among males did not support an adversity mediation model.
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