Abstract
Indian Railways was being roundly criticized for creating an environment hazard by discharging toilet waste on tracks. IR coaches have toilet system that has hole on the floor through which human feces and urine is flushed directly on railway tracks. Various types of environment friendly Green toilets have put on outfields trials by Indian Railways to overcome this problem. Controlled Discharge Toilet System (CDTS), Bio-toilet developed by Indian Railways engineers and DRDO biotechnologists, development of Zero Discharge Toilet System (ZDTS) by IIT Kanpur and Research Development and Standards Organization (RDSO) Lucknow, are some efforts in this direction. These technologies are more expensive due to inherent complexities, disposal problem at yards (ZDTS) and requirement of extra infrastructure at the terminal. FFEM approach not only solves these problems but also convert toilet waste into energy which can be utilized further in lighting at platforms or some other useful purposes.
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