From Corporate Artification to Artification in the Third Sector

Addressing the social life cycle inventory analysis data gap: Insights from a case study of cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Objective: To analyze how social innovation actions and practices presented in case studies, generate social impact. Methodology: The meta-synthesis was adopted, which, by identifying empirical research (case studies) and establishing comparative analyses, revealed new possibilities for investigation, deepening and theoretical expansion. Results: The results show the heterogeneity of the concept and actions of social innovation, identify its promoters, driving and/or enabling elements, actor networks, and forms of social impact, and link social innovation and impact to other approaches and opportunities for innovation. Theoretical/Methodological contributions: The study was able to synthesize preponderant elements to reach social impact from social innovation actions, themes little explored in an integrated way. In addition, it explored the meta-synthesis method, reinforcing the application of this research strategy as a tool for building theories and identifying findings that surpass the original conclusions of primary case studies. Originality: Given the differences in social impact detection and measurement, and the lack of a standard for social impact generation through social innovation, this study summarizes empirical findings, categorizes, and identifies aspects and elements that condition social impact generation through social innovation. Social / Management Contributions: In addition to portraying conceptual aspects, drivers and forms of social impact, this study offers a discussion on the integration between driving agents, boosters and networks of actors that can help practitioners of social innovation, public and social managers in stimulating and generation positive results (social impact) from this innovation.

The paper present theoretical and practical aspects of strategic marketing planning in development of arts and cultural institutions. Focus of the paper is on developing theoretical aspects of strategic marketing planning in development of arts and cultural institutions. The theoretical part of the paper is based on modern literature in the field of strategic marketing planning, brand building, arts and culture. The key hypothesis of the paper is that development of arts and cultural institutions have to be based on strategic marketing planning, on strategic marketing analysis, implementation of marketing strategies and strategic marketing control. The special aspect of the paper are strategies of brand building of arts and cultural institutions. In the empirical research the paper will present case studies about implementation of strategic marketing planning in development of arts and cultural institutions. The empirical research will include results of questionnaire research about perception of arts and cultural institutions as brand, about approaches of experiences about arts and cultural institutions, about identity and image of arts and cultural institutions, about specific strategies that could develop arts and cultural institutions. The research in the paper will be qualitative and quantitative, with primary and secondary data. The empirical research will analyze impact of experience marketing, emotional branding strategies and traditional brand strategies in development of arts and cultural institutions brand. In the case studies the paper will present good examples of strategic marketing planning in development of arts and cultural institutions. The results of empirical research will lead to further theoretical and practical analysis of development of arts and cultural institutions. The paper present modern ways of development of arts and cultural institutions. The paper will analyze impact of social media on brand building of arts and cultural institutions. The paper will analyze new professions in arts and culture and new brand strategies that could be implement in digital environment. The paper will analyze connection between traditional strategies of brand building of arts and cultural institutions and strategies of brand building of arts and cultural institutions in digital environment. Special aspect in the paper will be given on synergy of traditional and digital marketing strategies in brand building of arts and cultural institutions.

This study aims to develop a new framework of social life cycle impact assessment (SLCIA) method based on the United Nations Environment Program/Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP/SETAC) Guidelines for analyzing the social impact in Taiwan, particularly in the electronics industry. After reviewing the literature on social life cycle assessment (SLCA), we analyzed existing case studies and developed SLCIA methods based on the UNEP/SETAC Guidelines. We thereafter identified stakeholders, subcategories, and indicators in accordance with the current status of SLCA case studies and opinions from ten experts in the Taiwanese electronics industry. Both quantitative and semi-quantitative indicators were subsequently proposed to assess the social impact of workers in the Taiwanese electronics sector. Each indicator was given the score of 1 to 5 by classifying the social impact percentage of nine scales. To formulate an analytic framework for SLCIA, the weighting values of each subcategory and indicator were determined using the consistent fuzzy preference relations (CFPR) method. Seven subcategories and 19 qualitative and quantitative indicators of worker stakeholders for the electronics sector were identified based on the UNEP/SETAC Guidelines. A score of 1 to 5 is assigned to each quantitative indicator by classifying the social impact percentage of nine scales. The data obtained from companies for each quantitative indicator were subsequently transformed into social impact percentage in terms of the statistical data on social situations at the country or industry level. With regard to semi-quantitative indicators, three implementation levels of management efforts on social performance within five elements were identified. The CFPR method was then employed to determine the weights of each indicator by ten experts. Results indicated that preventing forced work practices, protecting children from having to work, and providing minimum and fair wages for workers are the three most important indicators for assessing social impact. A new SLCIA method that incorporates both quantitative and semi-quantitative indicators was proposed for assessing social impact in the electronics sector in Taiwan. Nine quantitative indicators can be easily organized using available social data from government statistics as performance reference points (PRPs) to determine the social impact exerted by companies. The relative weights were determined to allow for an impact assessment and thus solve the limitation of their currently assumed equal weights. The proposed framework is examined to analyze the social impact of three production sites for semiconductor packaging and manufacturing in Taiwan.

Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is a relatively new technique that is under rapid development. To further improve the reliability of S-LCA, more case studies and methodologies are of paramount importance. This study aims to develop a S-LCA model for building construction projects in Hong Kong, namely, the Social-impact Model of Construction (SMoC). In this paper, a social life cycle impact assessment (sLCIA) method is developed and a case study of a building construction project in Hong Kong is performed. The development of SMoC is composed of three stages. Stage one strives to establish the sLCIA method which includes the characterization, normalization and weighting. In stage two, a questionnaire survey is conducted to collect the weighting factors and to unveil the social impacts of on-site construction practices. Based on that, the SMoC model which consists of a set of functional worksheets is built. In stage three, a case study following the four-phase structure of S-LCA suggested by the UNEP/SETAC guidelines is conducted. Of the selected subcategories, local experts believed that health and safety (worker) is the most important social aspect. The questionnaire survey also suggests that the environmental-friendly on-site construction activities as identified in this research are beneficial to the society in general. However, adoption of precast concrete components can lead to negative impacts on fair salary and local employment, since the precast concrete is normally produced outside Hong Kong. The case study demonstrates that the studied project has positive social impacts in general, while the construction stage performs better than the material stage. The sensitivity analysis indicates that inclusion of environmental-friendly construction practices can significantly improve the social performance of the studied building construction project. The developed SMoC model and the case study should provide a comprehensive framework of S-LCA for building construction in Hong Kong. Despite being the first attempt of S-LCA in Hong Kong, the results help inform the local industry the social performance of their construction projects from a life cycle perspective.

Focus on Authors

Characteristics of Green Hotels’ Potential Customers: A Case of Vietnamese Domestic Tourists

IT is now generally recognized that there are many cases of vertical restraints that do not fit the standard "consumer free riding on special services" theory.1 For example, the widespread use of resale price maintenance in the marketing of brand name clothing cannot be explained as inducing retailers to supply services such as dressing rooms. It is unlikely that consumers must be prevented from trying on clothing free of charge at a full-service retailer before purchasing the clothing at a discount from retailers who do not supply dressing rooms. A number of authors recently have attempted to correct this deficiency in the standard theory by expanding the type of services that vertical restraints may induce retailers to supply and the corresponding retailer free-riding problems.2 The standard economic analysis of how vertical restraints operate to induce desired retailer behavior has remained essentially unchanged, however. The standard analysis assumes that when it is not feasible for a manufacturer to write explicit, court-enforceable contracts with retailers for the supply of particular services, the only alternative mechanism manufacturers can use to induce the supply of desired services is to increase the direct return retailers receive from consumers when those

The paper proposes a business model for the efficiency optimization of the interaction between all actors involved in cultural heritage sector, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM). The validation of the business model is subject of analyses and implementations in a real environment made by different cultural institutions. The implementation of virtual exhibitions on mobile devices is described and analyzed as a key factor for increasing the cultural heritage visibility. New perspectives on the development of virtual exhibitions for mobile devices are considered. A study on the number of visitors of cultural institutions is carried out and ways to increase the number of visitors are described.

This study presents the case of Mahaguthi Craft with a Conscience founded in 1984, a non-profit-distributing social enterprise that helps the marginalized small producers and generate employment. The main aim of this study is to evaluate fair trade practices, social innovation and social impact. This study is based on the primary data. This study analyzes data in the three different stages. First, evaluate the practices of fair trade by reviewing the existing documents, such as, self-declaration report of Mahaguthi and external social audit by World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO). That had been validated by an interview with the chief executive officer (CEO) of Mahaguthi Craft. Interview includes to evaluate social innovations and social impact Secondly, a structured survey questionnaire has been used to examine the social impact to beneficiaries, mainly, Mahaguthi employees. Results revels that Mahaguthi has been following ten principles of Fair Trade practices very effectively. Product innovation, supply chain management innovation, technology innovation, new business model and business ecosystem innovations are key points to Mahaguthi for positive change of social welfare of marginal group of peoples. Additionally, this study finds the major five components for measuring their impact to Mahaguthi staffs, such as, economic, self-confidence, organizational goal, social and leadership impact. Fair trade practices are the first stage of social innovation and positive impact to society. This case study may be the best example to practitioners and academia for operating social enterprise for social change through generation of employment.

Theoretical Basis During the COVID-19 pandemic micro-, small- and medium-sized businesses were hit hard. This was specially so in the restaurant business where physical lockdown and social distancing norms were challenging. Thus, small business performance was a concern (Akpan, Udoh, & Adebisi, 2020). This case study addressed this theoretical aspect. Zhang, Gerlowski, & Acs (2021) had highlighted the challenges of business continuance and enterprise sustenance, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This case study provided insights regarding how these aspects of business continuance and enterprise sustenance were addressed by “Café Tato”. Bhattacharyya and Thakre (2021) had deliberated regarding how firms through strategic initiatives and tactical responses were required to manage COVID-19 pandemic and economic lockdown. Café Tato case study was in line with these recommendations for firms. Barbieri et al. (2020) and Reardon et al. (2021) had outlined steps regarding maintaining business operations reliance given a business crisis situation like during the COVID-19 pandemic. Café Tato case study described this. Café Tato case study accommodated perspectives regarding business crisis situation, business continuance, enterprise sustenance, operations reliance, organizational strategic versus tactical initiatives and finally small business performance. Research methodology The teaching case study was written based upon primary data collected from the owners of Café Tato. Furthermore, secondary data was used for building the case. Case overview/synopsis Café Tato was the most popular and the oldest tea cafés in Goa, India. It had a presence in Panjim and Margaon in Goa. On 24 March 2020 India went into an economic and physical lockdown because of COVID-19 pandemic related crisis. One week down the line on 31 March 2020, Mr Pranav Dhuri (hereby referred as Pranav), one of the owners of Café Tato, was contemplating how to ensure business continuance once there was semi-normalcy restored. What would the initiatives that need to be undertaken was critical for success of Tato the legendary café in Goa was playing in the mind of Pranav. Complexity academic level This teaching case study could be used in the class for strategy planning and implementation in the course of strategic management. This case study could apply for teaching both bachelor’s and master’s students of business management. The case could also be taught to management students for helping them understand how small business firms, while confronting challenges of COVID-19, planned and implemented strategies in the course of strategic management. This study helped strategic management students understand the importance of organization culture in any business as it directly influenced the profitability and sustenance of business. The Dhuri family had all along laid stress on keeping the culture alive by taking various steps at critical times in improvising and maintaining the standards. The study also helped to understand the importance of good leadership and its direct impact on the employees in a crisis situation (COVID-19) work environment and ensure business sustenance.

Social impact assessment of products can be approached through different methodologies that need to be adapted to the particularities and features of the studied subject. Thus, the Social Life Cycle Assessment methodology can be used to assess different innovative practices of product manufacturing, under a circular economy approach, by identifying potential positive as well as negative impacts along products’ life cycle. This paper presents the results of the Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment of a reference product from the Spanish meat industry using existing and new innovative methods of social impact analysis. Worker discrimination, health and safety for workers, consumers and local community were identified as the social aspects with relevant significance into the business or for the influence on customer’s perception of the products studied. Therefore, results can represent a reference scenario for the future assessment of innovative solutions in the Spanish meet sector. Despite the scarce use of Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment, this case study is a good example of how this innovative kind of assessment can be helpful for companies to identify their weak and strong social performance areas and design strategies to improve in Social Responsibility Management.

This study aims to investigate social impact practice in social enterprises in the UK. It explores the drivers and implementation of social impact, how social impact is assessed, the barriers to social impact assessment. This study adopts a qualitative case study approach. Specifically, multiple case studies of social enterprises. The approach to data collection was semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals with expert knowledge of social impact. This study found that internal mechanisms and external institutions drive social impact. The organisations reviewed their culture and structure to understand the norms and identify capabilities. Stakeholder engagement was paramount to social impact captured. Social impact is captured for accountability, social investment readiness, and to build trust with stakeholders. However, they face barriers such as resource constraints and capturing indirect social impact. The study uncovered that the council for voluntary service legal structure impedes access to social investment. This study contributes to normative isomorphism and the micro-context of institutional theory by presenting an in-depth understanding of internal mechanisms agenda for social impact. It also contributes to the intra-organisational development of social enterprises through the review of organisational culture and structure. This investigation provides an in-depth understanding of the rationale and process to social impact assessment. It provides six stages to social impact assessment based on social enterprises operating in the financial support and service sector. Also, it presents practical implications for senior management, board of directors, funders, and policy-makers due to their influence on social impact. Providing the extensive experiences of the boards in the social sector, they should capitalise on their networks by encouraging cross-sector collaborations. Funders need to take into consideration the organisational size and needs of the region in the funding criteria. Policy-makers could remove barriers on the council for voluntary service and community interest company legal structures to encourage cross-sectoral engagement.

A core element of contemporary philanthropic practice is the intention to generate meaningful and beneficial social change, usually referred to as 'social impact'. However, it is quite unclear as to what exactly social impact in a demanding sense consists in, and how it comes about. Drawing on empirical research on the social impact of philanthropic foundations in seven European countries, on the one hand, and the capabilities approach as developed by Amartya Sen on the other, the article introduces the mechanism of resource mobilisation as a major explanatory tool for the generation of social impact, and applies central tenets of the capabilities approach to these findings. It concludes that the 'social' element of social impact can be framed as the opening of access to advantage to the target groups of philanthropic actors. Explications of why impact occurs and why it matters in moral terms thus coincide.

Purpose. This article aims to analyze some examples of solidarity and cooperation between Portuguese cultural institutions, enterprises, artists, workers, volunteers, and local communities during the Covid-19 crisis. The research will focus on the years 2020 and 2021. Approach/methodology. Our approach to the subject matter encompasses four main components. One is an in-text glossary to clarify a few concepts in view of national legislation. The second is a brief contextualization of the evolution of the pandemic at an (inter)national level. The third one is a description of how cultural institutions, heritage sites, and professionals were affected by the widespread virus. And the fourth one is the analysis offive case studies of actions of solidarity and cooperation within the cultural field. Findings. Thanks to our research, we distinguish the negative impacts of Covid-19 from pre-existent problems in the sector. We have also found that some initiatives created to support cultural heritage may be questionable. Since the sanitary crisis is not over yet, the research is limited to the current state of knowledge. Future exploration on the matter may be relevant to find new case studies and consequences of the pandemic. We believe this article can have a social impact since it promotes a reflection on the economic sustainability, social engagement, and ethical responsibilities of cultural institutions and stakeholders. Besides, the discussion about the vulnerable conditions in which cultural workers found themselves during this crisis is of utmost urgency to design a better future for the sector and those who keep it running. Originality. The originality of our study lies in the registration of creative strategies found to counteract the outcomes of the pandemic, which may be inspiring in future times of emergency.