From chaos to symbiosis: exploring adaptive co-evolution strategies for generative AI and research integrity systems.

Fostering integrity in scientific research and publishing.

Objective To understand the current situation of scientific research integrity level of medical graduate students, the development of integrity education in their universities, to put forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. Methods From December 2015 to March 2016, 128 postgraduates are selected as the participants of the survey by randomized method (123 responded). We conducted a questionnaire survey in four famous medical universities in Beijing, descriptive analytical method was adopted to analyze survey findings. The contents of survey included the status of academic integrity of the current medical students, education of academic integrity in Medical Universities, awareness of scientific integrity and acquisition channel of relevant knowledge. Results According to the survey, the awareness rate of research integrity is not high, scientific misconduct has occurred consciously or unconsciously. By analyzing the access and demands to knowledge of research integrity, we find that related seminars or lecture is the best channel to acquire academic research integrity knowledge, accounting for 61.48%. Followed by the curriculum of academic ethics and compliance aspects was the network information or communication with classmates, which accounts for 39.34%. The data also show that 95.90% of respondents thought it is necessary for medical graduate students to accept academic ethics and norms of education, 68.03% of the respondents realized that cultivating students' awareness of scientific integrity in the process of scientific research gradually has great guiding significance for mentors and counselors. Conclusions The survey suggests that the education of scientific integrity in our country is very inadequate, the knowledge on good scientific integrity was fragmented. At present, most of the medical universities have not yet set up scientific integrity course, and access to the knowledge of integrity is limited for students. The scientific integrity education has become an extremely urgent issue for cultivating the sense of integrity in scientific research for researchers as soon as possible. Key words: Research ethics; Research misconduct; Scientific misconduct

Objective To understand the status quo of scientific research integrity cognition and the satisfaction of scientific research integrity construction among medical research management workers. Methods The questionnaire survey was conducted, 115 management workers for research and education from medical schools, research institutes and hospitals were surveyed, and statistic data analysis was conducted. Results The average score of scientific research management workers' knowledge was (43.09±10.41), and the overall awareness rate was 46.77%; Factors that influencing the cognition of integrity include academic qualifications, professional titles, project hosting or participation, paper publication, paper reviewing, and project/science and technology achievement review experience. The overall satisfaction of the status quo of scientific research integrity construction were 41.65%. Medical research management workers thought that the main factors influencing scientific research integrity in medical field were academic evaluation system (81.74%), social environment (78.26%), personal achievement motivation (76.52%) and self-moral accomplishment (73.04%). Conclusions The cognition level of scientific research integrity of medical scientific research management workers is not enough, and the satisfaction of scientific research integrity construction should be improved. It is suggested to strengthen the training and learning of scientific research integrity knowledge of medical scientific research management workers, and enhance the integrity literacy and concept; departments at all levels working together to strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity, update the academic evaluation mechanism, and cultivate a good cultural atmosphere of scientific research integrity. Key words: Medicine; Scientific research management; Scientific research integrity; Cognition; Satisfaction

Objective To help researchers to standardize and avoid the occurrence of scientific misconduct, promoting the scientific research integrity. Methods We retrospectively reviewed and summarized the practical experience of hospital scientific research management in recent past years. Results At present, the capacity of scientific research supervision still has a lot of space for further improvement, more effective and sound scientific research management mechanism are needed. Conclusions To improve the scientific research management mechanism, it is suggested to further develop the research integrity education, update and specify the management system of scientific research integrity, refine the scientific research management process, strengthen the monitoring of scientific research funds, reinforce medical ethics training and construct more systematic scientific research performance evaluation, as well as the construction of scientific research integrity of medical researchers. Key words: Detail management; Research integrity; Research misconduct

PurposeThe aim is to investigate the state of complex adaptive system (CAS) theory in the organizational theory literature and to provide a map for future studies of CAS theory.Design/methodology/approachAbstracts were searched via electronic database and a range of recently published (1996‐2004) books and articles were identified that contained a relatively concise description of CAS. Content analysis is used to deconstruct the CAS descriptions into “component concepts.” Those concepts are analyzed from multiple viewpoints.FindingsThere is no single, shared, sense of CAS theory. Differing understandings of CAS theory are identified based on “expert version” and “most popularly identified concepts.” Also, differences and similarities are identified between an “academic” version of CAS and a version developed by those who are influenced by both academic learning and practical experience.Research limitations/implicationsStudy is limited to concise definitions of CAS, so could be improved by including more lengthy conversations. Additionally, study is limited to organizational theory, so may be less applicable in other disciplines.Practical implicationsWhen working within a CAS framework, academics should specify their CAS perspective to improve clarity of their work. When using a CAS framework to study organizations, researchers should include a comprehensive suite of concepts. Though not described in depth, no effective application of CAS for organizational change were found.Originality/valueFor those who study CAS theory and theory of theory, this paper provides an important benchmark by identifying a bifurcation in the evolution of CAS theory.

Ophthalmology Journals' Guidelines on Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Analysis.

A Scientific Integrity Consortium developed a set of recommended principles and best practices that can be used broadly across scientific disciplines as a mechanism for consensus on scientific integrity standards and to better equip scientists to operate in a rapidly changing research environment. The two principles that represent the umbrella under which scientific processes should operate are as follows: (1) Foster a culture of integrity in the scientific process. (2) Evidence-based policy interests may have legitimate roles to play in influencing aspects of the research process, but those roles should not interfere with scientific integrity. The nine best practices for instilling scientific integrity in the implementation of these two overarching principles are (1) Require universal training in robust scientific methods, in the use of appropriate experimental design and statistics, and in responsible research practices for scientists at all levels, with the training content regularly updated and presented by qualified scientists. (2) Strengthen scientific integrity oversight and processes throughout the research continuum with a focus on training in ethics and conduct. (3) Encourage reproducibility of research through transparency. (4) Strive to establish open science as the standard operating procedure throughout the scientific enterprise. (5) Develop and implement educational tools to teach communication skills that uphold scientific integrity. (6) Strive to identify ways to further strengthen the peer review process. (7) Encourage scientific journals to publish unanticipated findings that meet standards of quality and scientific integrity. (8) Seek harmonization and implementation among journals of rapid, consistent, and transparent processes for correction and/or retraction of published papers. (9) Design rigorous and comprehensive evaluation criteria that recognize and reward the highest standards of integrity in scientific research.

BackgroundThis study investigated the status of research integrity knowledge among dental undergraduates from 34 Chinese universities in 5 key demographic regions.MethodsQuestionnaires regarding the status of research integrity, including perception, attitude, and firsthand experience of scientific research integrity, were distributed to dental undergraduates of 34 Chinese universities. These universities were from 5 key demographic regions of China, i.e., eastern, western, northern, southern, and central. The questionnaires filled out by 1514 participants were further analyzed.ResultsThe results showed that among the participants, nearly 70% acquire scientific integrity knowledge through courses, as well as ideological and political education, while the remaining students acquire scientific integrity knowledge through other means, such as books and conferences. From the attitude perspective, most students (80-90%) oppose scientific misconduct. However, a few students also have an insufficient understanding of scientific misconduct and still need to improve their scientific research integrity training further. We also found that the research integrity training and the surrounding research environment affect students' attitudes and self-behavior regarding scientific integrity.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the ethical academic and research environment, implementation of scientific integrity courses in the curriculum, and proper supervision are vital in improving scientific research integrity knowledge in dental undergraduates in Chinese universities.

The improving the state of research ethics among the scientific community requires attention to the necessary infrastructure and quality in research. This chapter considers the training of ethical principles in the research process in curricula as a neglected aspect of research activities and it considers ethics and scientific integrity as the most important aspect of promoting academic excellence. The first step to prevent ethical abuse in research and to internalize scientific excellence in universities considers the formation of values or the formulation of an ethics and scientific integrity charter as the main solution. Therefore, this chapter first considers the reason for ethics and scientific integrity in research and tries to establish a link between these. Then it considers the position of ethics and scientific integrity in research in higher education centers. In the following, the higher education system is faced with two ethical discourses. Finally, it deals with standardization and drawing a vision of the ethics in the higher education system.

Introduction: Attempts to understand the emergence of integrated care using traditional approaches provide limited insights. Increasingly, scholars are applying complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory to explain the implementation of integrated care policies and interventions. A CAS perspective suggests that integrated care efforts designed to support sensemaking, which allows staff to give meaning to their experience and efforts, self-organizing, and adaptive approaches are more likely to be successful than efforts which are more ‘mechanistic’ and ‘linear’. We examined the implementation of the ‘Health Links’ (HLs), a provincial integrated care initiative in Ontario, Canada. Launched in 2012, there are currently 82 operational HLs, consisting of voluntary partnerships among organizations aimed at improving care for the top 5% of health system users in terms of costs. The HLs were introduced in a ‘low rules’ policy framework to stimulate grass-roots networks and approaches. In this study, we explored the extent to which this approach has generated interconnections, sensemaking, self-organization, emergence and coevolution, key aspects of CAS. Theory/Methods: We used key terms from CAS theory to deductively code transcripts from 37 interviews conducted in 2014/2015 with managers and clinicians from 24 HLs in all 14 regional health authorities in Ontario. Two reviewers coded a subset of interview data, in duplicate, that had been coded as addressing CAS themes in an earlier study. Results: Health Links generated novel interconnections between organizations and professionals across health and social services. These interconnections stimulated sensemaking, as individuals came together to understand, interpret, and adapt the initiative within their own contexts. Several self-organizing processes were identified as staff designed, tested and refined their structures and processes, and at the regional level where some regions standardized HLs within their borders. Despite enthusiasm for the ‘low-rules’ environment, some participants struggled with the lack of guidance or consistency from the province, and all agreed that some standardization was necessary. Early signs of emergence and co-evolution were identified, however, many HLs were still in early stages of implementation. Discussions: Our results show that a flexible policy environment encouraged interconnections, sensemaking, and self-organization among actors in the system. However, there were different capacities and preferences for self-organizing, and limits to what could be achieved through self-organization. Successful implementation required leadership and some operational consistency across HLs. Barriers to self-organization persisted in the form of pre-existing organizational and regional regulations. Conclusions: A ‘low-rules’ integrated care policy can generate novel interconnections, adaptive sensemaking, and productive self-organization among actors. Lessons learned: Operationalizing CAS theory domains is challenging and requires clarification of definitions and the level of analysis. Limitations: As a qualitative study, the results are limited in their generalizability. Interviews were conducted within three years of HLs launch and are limited to the initial implementation. Suggestions for future research: Future research should develop clear and applied definitions of CAS domains to support empirical studies of complexity dynamics in integrated care.

to understand the conceptions of postgraduate Nursing students regarding integrity in scientific research. a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study conducted in October 2020, with 40 students from a postgraduate program in Nursing from a public university in Southern Brazil. The interviews had an emphasis on scientific integrity and its importance for scientific research; they were conducted using synchronous communication tool and analyzed by textual discourse analysis. two categories emerged: "Scientific integrity: the ethical dimension of research" and "Implications of academic productivism for scientific integrity". Such integrity is intrinsically related to the supporting ethical elements, as well as to the nuances of productivism and its impacts on integrity. the cross-sectionalism of ethical practices is necessary in the production spheres of science, so that knowledge is perpetuated in harmony with integrity and its representations to the community.

Objective To foster the ethics in biomedical research and increase the integrity in research staffs. Methods The quantitative approaches to measurement and evaluation of scientific research integrity in recent years were proposed and reviewed. Results By taking effective measurements, management of scientific research ethics and post hoc salvation procedure were established to increase the integrity of scientific researchers. Conclusion Through improving the management of scientific research and generating a friendly environment towards scientific ethics, healthy development of medical scientific research can be achieved and research misbehavior can be minimized. Key words: Innovate; Management of Scientific Research; Scientific integrity

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to advance the knowledge of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) resilience using complex adaptive system theory (CAS).Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory research design, which adopted a qualitative approach was used to achieve the study’s research objective. Qualitative data were gathered through 23 semi-structured interviews with key supply chain actors across the PSC in the UK.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that CAS, as a theory, provides a systemic approach to understanding PSC resilience by taking into consideration the various elements (environment, PSC characteristics, vulnerabilities and resilience strategies) that make up the entire system. It also provides explanations for key findings, such as the impact of power, conflict and complexity in the PSC, which are influenced by the interactions between supply chain actors and as such increase its susceptibility to the negative impact of disruption. Furthermore, the antecedents for building resilience strategies were the outcome of the decision-making process referred to as co-evolution from a CAS perspective.Originality/valueBased on the data collected, the study was able to reflect on the relationships, interactions and interfaces between actors in the PSC using the CAS theory, which supports the proposition that resilience strategies can be adopted by supply chain actors to enhance this service supply chain. This is a novel empirical study of resilience across multiple levels of the PSC and as such adds valuable new knowledge about the phenomenon and the use of CAS theory as a vehicle for exploration and knowledge construction in other supply chains.

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s in-house science and knowledge service, employing a substantial staff of scientists devoted to conducting research to provide independent scientific advice for EU policy. Focussed on various research areas aligned with EU priorities, the JRC excels in delivering scientific evidence for policymaking and has published numerous science-for-policy reports and scientific articles. Drawing on a scientific integrity statement, surveys among JRC’s research staff, and thematic discussions with JRC’s research leaders, the JRC has developed a comprehensive Scientific Integrity and Research Ethics (SIRE) framework, including instruments, procedures, and guidelines to ensure high standards and independence in its research. Key components of the SIRE framework include a Scientific Integrity Officer, an Editorial Review Board, a Research Ethics Board, and guidelines for responsible conduct of research. This article provides an overview of the JRC’s SIRE framework and how it was developed, emphasising the importance of maintaining independence, integrity, and ethics in scientific research that supports EU policy. The article also discusses potential gaps in the framework and where additional efforts may be needed, comparing with the recent U.S. National Science and Technology Council report on Protecting the Integrity of Government Science.

Learning in organizations, and the competence the organization thereby obtains for performing its core tasks, has come into ever sharper focus when attempts have been made to explain the degree of competitiveness of companies. Much learning takes place when people interact, converse, or co-act. In their research, the current authors have found themselves in need of a new concept, relatonic, that can be applied to the study of interaction and relations at organizational level. To focus interactions and relations is important for all organizations, and extra important for networked and virtual organizations, where persons not as often meet naturally just by working close to each other. The authors have defined and used the concept on the basis of their respective theoretical platforms. These concern recent thinking within the theories of workplace learning (WPL) and organization pedagogics (Döös, 2004, 2007) and theories of complex adaptive systems (CAS) (Backström, 2004). The possibility of a joint definition of the concept of relatonics has been explored (Backström & Döös, 2005), thereby initiating integration of parts of the theories of WPL and CAS. Next, in the Background, follows the joint definition of relatonics and the concept relatonic is expounded from a CAS perspective. Thereafter, follows a description of practical implications of relatonics. The aim is to describe the importance of relatonics for networked and virtual organizations. The main underlying problem concerns which opportunities for everyday learning and competence development are offered in working life, both at an individual and organizational level, but also the problem of stabilizing and integrating organizations composed of relatively autonomous parts.