Abstract
A number of bolted-type tin-plated aluminum and copper connectors commonly used for distribution transformers were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray analysis, and optical microscopy. In addition, the contact resistance of the connector contact zones was measured using a point probe. The connectors studied had been removed from service because of unsatisfactory performance under normal operating conditions as manifested either by overheating or instability. The results of the detailed examination show the presence of extensive fretting damage in the contacting surfaces. The fretting debris was composed mainly of tin oxide and oxidized base metal particles. Localized melting and wear of the tin plating down to the underlying substrate were also observed in some of the connectors examined. >
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
