Abstract
Three factors for the extraction of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) were evaluated: diameter of the grid holes of the hammer-crusher, malaxation temperature, and malaxation time. A Box–Behnken design was used to obtain a total of 289 olive oil samples. Twelve responses were analyzed and 204 mathematical models were obtained. Olives from super-intensive rainfed or irrigated crops of the Arbequina, Koroneiki, and Arbosana cultivars at different stages of ripening were used. Malaxation temperature was found to be the factor with the most influence on the total content of lipoxygenase pathway volatile compounds; as the temperature increased, the content of volatile compounds decreased. On the contrary, pigments increased when the malaxation temperature was increased. EVOO from irrigated crops and from the Arbequina cultivar had the highest content of volatile compounds. Olive samples with a lower ripening degree, from the Koroneiki cultivar and from rainfed crops, had the highest content of pigments.
Highlights
Spain, and the Spanish province of Jaén, is one of the great world powers in the production of virgin olive oil (VOO)
extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from irrigated crops and from the Arbequina cultivar had the highest content of volatile compounds
The oil content increased with an increasing maturity index (MI) of the olive samples
Summary
The Spanish province of Jaén, is one of the great world powers in the production of virgin olive oil (VOO). Spanish olive oil production represents approximately 45% of the world total. Due to its great extension, olive culture represents one of the principal economic sectors in Jaén. VOO is a fat that is known worldwide for its benefits to human health. Olive oil consumption in the Mediterranean diet is associated with the prevention of several diseases and low mortality from cardiovascular disease [1]. Consumers greatly appreciate extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for its aromatic characteristics and intense color. The specific flavor of EVOO defines its quality and uniqueness [2]
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