Abstract
A frequency regulation of interconnected power system comprising thermal reheat system and photovoltaic panel systems is disclosed in this research article with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller optimized using Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) based on distinct feature of cannibalism of black widow spiders. With rising demand for perfectly optimized power systems, a best optimal solution for controller gains besides merit of faster convergence and avoidance of trapping in local minimal are becoming key requirements for system engineers. In tune with these requirements, we have developed an optimized solution based on BWOA in the power system realm to minimize the fitness function which is Integral Time Absolute Error composing of frequency and tie-line power variations. Superiority of BWOA optimized controller in power system realm is established by comparing and analyzing its simulation results with some other known tuned controllers which uses different optimization algorithms namely firefly algorithm, genetic algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and modified whale optimization algorithm. Results in this paper lays out that BWOA optimized PID controller outperforms other reported controllers in terms of fitness function value, settling time, undershoot/overshoot of the incremental variations in frequency and tie-line power of the interconnected power system. Further, the potency and robustness of the proposed tuned controller are also proven by considering large variation in load demand, real-time constraints namely generation rate constraint and governor dead band in the system. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of the optimized controlled system is performed to conclude that the proposed BWOA optimized PID controller optimized controller is insensitive to changes in system parameters and eliminates the necessity of resetting of controller parameters. The performance of the proposed control technique is also tested on two-area non-reheat thermal power system with non-linear constraints namely time delay, generation rate constraint and governor deadband.
Highlights
Load frequency control (LFC) is well known in the art to ensure that electric power is delivered at a consistent frequency and keeps tie-line power within defined limits and is one of the most important auxiliary services in electrical power system operations [1]
To demonstrate the not being trapped in local optima, the present paper uses the 500 iterations as stopping criterion for Black Widow Optimization Algorithm (BWOA)
The settling time of deviations in frequency of area-1, area-2 and tie-line power has been improved by -9.03%, 25.10% and 21.40% respectively and fitness function improved by 29.88% using BWOA tuned Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller as compared to firefly algorithm (FA) tuned PID controller [34]
Summary
Load frequency control (LFC) is well known in the art to ensure that electric power is delivered at a consistent frequency and keeps tie-line power within defined limits and is one of the most important auxiliary services in electrical power system operations [1]. The modern control techniques are well suited for non-linear, integrated and complex power system problems These techniques pose the limitations of increased complexity of controller logic and large processing time for large size power systems [15]. The critical review of different controllers and optimization techniques presented in [37] clearly shows that there is abundant scope to solve frequency regulation using more nature inspired and hybridized algorithms. The following are the important contributions of this research article, which are highlighted in light of the importance of proposed evolutionary based method for optimally fine-tuning the controller gain values to minimize the frequency and tie-line power deviations of two-area power systems:. Performance analysis of proposed BWOA tuned PID controller on two area thermal non-reheat system with non-linear constraints and comparison with FA tuned PID and hybrid firefly algorithm and Pattern Search (hFA-PS) tuned PID controller reported in literature.
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