Frequency of Periodontal Disease and its Relationship with Age and with Comorbidities of the Metabolic Syndrome in Inhabitants Between 20 and 79 years of Age in the Sierra Gorda, Querétaro, Mexico

Abstract

Aim To evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease and its relationship with age and the presence of metabolic syndrome in a group of patients from Sierra Gorda, Mexico. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in 208 patients between 20 and 79 years of age, of both sexes. Prior to the epidemiological survey, a Dentist Surgeon was calibrated (Kappa=0.91; p=001). To measure the presence of periodontal disease (PD), the Community Periodontal Index (IPC) was collected. To measure the association between the study variables, the Likelihood Ratio values were calculated because in all cases some of the observed values were ≤ 5, considering a confidence level of 95%. Results Both Diabetes and Dyslipidemia were the two comorbidities that occurred most frequently, observing that the older, the higher the probability of finding subjects with some type of comorbidity ( p=0.001 ). In patients who presented comorbidities, a higher frequency of moderate to severe gingivitis and mild periodontitis and cases of moderate to severe periodontitis were observed. Conclusion It is confirmed how aging and comorbidities are factors of great impact in the deterioration of tissues and dental support structures, which leads to a greater vulnerability to PD and its complications.