Abstract
Objective:To determine the frequency of ABO blood group and Rhesus (Rh) D antigen in the females of “District” Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 429 women having pregnancy induced hypertension, admitted in the three teaching hospitals of Peshawar, over a period of one year. Blood sample was collected from each subject after taking informed consent. The antigen antibody agglutination slide test for “blood grouping (ABO)” and RhD factors was done by using IgM and IgG monoclonal reagents. The antisera used were from Biolaboratory, USA. Data was analyzed for percentage calculation.Results:The blood group distribution was 134 (31.2%), 43 (10.1%), 116 (27%), 136 (31.7%) for blood groups A, AB, O and B, respectively. Subjects having blood group B was slightly more dominant, followed by A and O, while blood group AB was rare in these females. Blood group A Rh negative is more in female 12 (37.5%) followed by group O 10 (31.3%), group B 09 (28.1%) and group AB 01 (3.1%).Conclusion:Frequency of “Rh-positive blood group” is B, A, O and AB, whereas the frequency of the most common Rh-negative blood group are A, O, B and AB respectively. The determination of the frequency of blood groups in the region would not only help in blood transfusion services, but also reduce the risk of erythroblastosis foetalis in the neonates.
Highlights
The antigen antibody agglutination test was done for determination of blood grouping (ABO) and RhD factor using slide method
The dominant blood group found in our study is blood group B followed by A and O, while blood group AB was rare in these females
Blood group A is common in RhD negative females 12(37.5%) and group O 10(31.3%), group B 09(28.1%) and group AB 01(3.1%)
Summary
Until now 400 blood groups are reported but the most important in them are ABO and Rh.[1] In transfusion, the most important blood groups are ABO and Rh blood group system.[2]. ABO is the human blood group and it depends on presence of A or B genes.. “ABO blood-group antigens are oligosaccharides attached to cellsurface glycoconjugates expressed by epithelia, endothelia and erythrocytes (RBCs) in primates”.4. The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups vary from one race to another race; across the world in the population and within human subpopulations. Differences are present even in Pakistan due to racial differences.[5] Blood group prevalence plays a role in evolution, genetics research, blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Modern medicine is working on relationship of blood group with environment.[6]
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