Abstract
This paper shows a comparison between the analytical design of a photovoltaic power station filter and a real-case filter. Indeed, the analytical filter considered in the design phase is an LCL filter, while the real case is an LLCL filter. This difference could impact the current harmonics rejected on the grid and breaks grid codes. The main objective of this study is to maximize the power injected into the network while respecting the harmonic rejection standards in force, namely, G5/4, French decree of 2008, and IEEE 519 standards, by adopting a current control design to improve the performance of a grid-connected three-phase inverter, which is regarded as the central component in a photovoltaic production system. The selective harmonic modulation strategy (SHM) is a common technique to achieve this goal. For that, a frequency and a time-domain comparison for a grid-connected inverter using both filters have been highlighted. Simulation results confirm the excellent transient behavior of both filter topologies and the advantage to consider the flexibility of LLCL filter when combined with SHM strategy. This manuscript is an extension of an earlier version of “Comparison between LCL and LLCL Filters for a Grid Connected Inverter Using Selective Harmonic Modulation.”
Highlights
Based on the Fourier analysis of the conventional preprogrammed pulse width modulation switching pattern, we have the possibility to model the harmonic spectrum. is is possible thanks to the correlation established by Patel and
Where n 5, 7, 11, . . ., q. e core idea of the SHM strategy [8] is based on the fact that it is not important to reduce harmonics to zero while they are maintained below acceptable limits. ese rates are specified by grid codes [1,2,3], that set the maximum allowed limits for each harmonic in order to maintain the performance of the grid. e SHM technique is focused on solving a series of inequalities where εq is the maximum value specified by the grid code standards. e inequality framework can be synthesized in an objective function (OF) that must be minimized: OF Tmod1 − Md2, (2)
Previous works only aim to comply with one or two grid standards, but in this case, we are attempting to meet the G5/4, French Decree 2008, and IEEE 519 specifications, in order to ensure that the photovoltaic substation performs well throughout the world. εq will be set as the minimum level of G5/4, French Decree 2008, and IEEE 519. e SHM technique is based on solving a set of inequality system, where εq are limit values defined by the applied grid code
Summary
Based on the Fourier analysis of the conventional preprogrammed pulse width modulation switching pattern, we have the possibility to model the harmonic spectrum. is is possible thanks to the correlation established by Patel and. Based on the Fourier analysis of the conventional preprogrammed pulse width modulation switching pattern, we have the possibility to model the harmonic spectrum. K), generates the following equations, where Tmodn, is the harmonic amplitude of the nth order: Tmodn. E core idea of the SHM strategy [8] is based on the fact that it is not important to reduce harmonics to zero while they are maintained below acceptable limits. Ese rates are specified by grid codes [1,2,3], that set the maximum allowed limits for each harmonic in order to maintain the performance of the grid. E SHM technique is focused on solving a series of inequalities where εq is the maximum value specified by the grid code standards. 2 where Md is the desired modulation index. is technique has the advantage of being able to deal with strongly nonlinear optimization problems
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