Abstract
Fish serve as an important source of nutrition and also acts as a reservoir for different pathogenic organisms. Sewage pollution in the water bodies is the major source of pathogenic bacteria in seafood. In this study, the presence of Gram negative bacteria in raw fish samples was detected and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined.A total of 25 raw fish samples were collected at random from different local markets of Karachi in sterile zip-lock plastic bags. From these samples, a total of 73 Gram negative bacterial strains were isolated. Of these 73 Gram negative isolates, 6 were E. coli, 14 K. pneumoniae, 7 E. aerogenes, 4 E. cloacae, 5 C. freundii, 1 C. koseri, 2 P. vulgaris, 3 P. mirabilis, 7 Salmonella spp., 6 Shigella spp., 2 Serratia spp., 2 Pseudomonas spp., 7 Yersinia spp., 3 Aeromonas spp. and 4 were Vibrio spp. The most abundant species among all the isolated Gram negative bacteria was Klebsiellapneumoniae(19.17%) followed by Enterobacter aerogenes(9.59%), Salmonella spp. (9.59%) and Yersinia spp. (9.59%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all the Gram negative isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method in which a panel of eight antibiotics was tested. The incidence of resistance was highest against Cefazolin (93.2%) and lowest resistance was observed against Gentamicin (1.4%). Of the 73 Gram negative isolates, 24 were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). In conclusion, the bacteriological analysis of raw fish samples showed that the quality of raw fish was poor as high bacterial load was obtained and enteric bacteria were isolated from most of the samples indicating fecal pollution. This study provides valuable information about the presence of MDR Gram negative pathogens in raw fish sold locally which could be useful in the selection of antibiotics for empirical treatment. Keywords: Enteric bacteria; Fresh fish; Karachi; Multidrug resistant; Pre-enrichment http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80105
Highlights
Introduction andZinc than animal meat or other foodFish are consumed as a major source of and its consumption is helpful protein and 30 % of fish comes from in reducing hunger or minimizing the aquaculture for human consumer [1]
This study was aimed to detect the presence of Gram negative bacteria from raw fish samples sold at local markets in Karachi, Pakistan and to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Gram negative bacteria thereby assessing the quality of fish sold locally
The results represented that the fish were of poor quality and unsafe to consume without proper washing and cooking as high bacterial load was observed on Plate Count Agar in form of uncountable colonies which was interpreted as too numerous to count (TNTC).Ghosh and Mandal [18] reported a high viable bacterial count (25.1+0.28x106 CFUg-1) in gills of fish.In another study, a very high total viable count (TVC) was observed in fresh fish in comparison with frozen fish
Summary
Zinc than animal meat or other food. Fish are consumed as a major source of (e.g. plants) and its consumption is helpful protein and 30 % of fish comes from in reducing hunger or minimizing the aquaculture for human consumer [1]. Fish deficiency of micronutrients thereby is more readily available food having low preventing disease in under developed fat content and is taken into consideration countries [2]. The easy availability and high because it is inexpensive or low cost source nutritional value of fresh fish is responsible of protein in comparison with beef and goat for its preferable consumption by coastal meat so, easy to access by all social classes’. Karachi being a coastal city has individuals [2,3]. Fish are enriched with a well-developed fishery industry. All the media plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours
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