Abstract
Introduction: Co-infection between other microorganisms and SARS-CoV-2, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi, is an important factor in the management of COVID-19, which could increase the difficulties in diagnosis, management, prognosis, and even increase the mortality. Objectives: The objective of this review is to describe the published scientific evidence regarding coinfection in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A bibliographic search of studies published in Spanish or English was carried out using the PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar search engines. Studies published between January 2020 and January 24, 2021 were assessed. Results: 25 articles from various continents (America, Asia and Europe) were included. All the studies had patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 added to some other test that identified some co-infection. We identified 18 studies that showed bacterial coinfection, 17 studies of viral coinfection and 5 studies of fungal coinfection. The prevalence of coinfection showed extremely dissimilar figures according to the population studied and diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The presence of coinfection seems to be linked to a higher frequency of unfavorable outcomes. However, it is important to develop Latin American studies, given the heterogeneity in the studies seen in different countries. Standardized definitions should be developed in order to be able to assess the impact of co-infections in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19
Highlights
Co-infection between other microorganisms and SARS-CoV-2, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi, is an important factor in the management of COVID-19, which could increase the difficulties in diagnosis, management, prognosis, and even increase the mortality
Se ha demostrado que la coinfección por bacterias como S. pneumoniae y S. aureus juegan un rol importante en la mortalidad y complicaciones en casos de otros patógenos virales, por lo que se recomienda, ante pacientes de alto riesgo, el uso de antibioterapia empírica ante una mala evolución clínica(6)
Si la coinfección juega un rol importante en mortalidad o complicaciones, debería considerarse la mejora en los métodos basados en cultivos convencionales y la implementación de diagnóstico molecular en la mayoría de hospitales que atienden a los pacientes más críticos
Summary
FRECUENCIA DE COINFECCIÓN POR PATÓGENOS RESPIRATORIOS Y SU IMPACTO EN EL PRONÓSTICO DE. Introducción: La coinfección entre otros microorganismos y el SARS-CoV-2, como virus, bacterias y hongos, es un factor importante en el manejo del COVID-19, el cual podría aumentar las dificultades en el diagnóstico, manejo, pronóstico, e incluso aumentar los síntomas y la mortalidad. Objetivos: El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir la evidencia científica publicada respecto a coinfección en pacientes con COVID-19. Todos los estudios contaron con pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 sumado a alguna otra prueba que identifico alguna coinfección. Se deben desarrollar definiciones estandarizadas a fin de poder valorar el impacto de las coinfecciones en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Palabras clave: Coinfección; COVID-19; Revisión; Pronóstico (fuente: DeCS BIREME)
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