Framing homelessness: competing critiques of and visions for society

PurposeThis study explores the framing of messages delivered by 105 Fortune 500 companies across 21 sectors in June 2020 in response to three social justice issues that took prominence that month in the United States: racial inequity, immigration laws and LGBTQ rights.Design/methodology/approachResearchers compiled a list of the top five companies in each sector on the 2020 Fortune 500 list, with a resulting list of N = 21 sectors and N = 105 companies. A database of corporate statements was compiled along with a comprehensive list of recurring themes. Quantitative framing analysis was used to examine each corporate statement.FindingsSeventy percent of the companies examined made statements about the issue of racial injustice, 58% about LGBTQ issues and only 6% about immigration policy. Coders identified the most frequent message type coded on each social justice issue: racial inequity –“Working Together”; immigration policy – “Celebration”; LGBTQ rights – “Celebration.”Research limitations/implicationsThis study relied on a quantitative analysis of themes, but it did not analyze the specific language or media used. Further examination of rhetorical choices could uncover additional meanings in the messages.Practical implicationsCompanies are increasingly called upon to speak out on controversial issues. This can be challenging for communicators who are deciding how to respond. This study sheds light on the common frames used in corporate statements.Originality/valueNo studies to date have adopted a content analysis approach to assess the content of corporate activist statements. Examining the messages is important because, as more companies become increasingly vocal about social issues, stakeholders utilize this information to judge the sincerity of both the company and the message.

Social has become a popular topic in recent years. It is designated to solve social or local issues. Any products or services design for the society can be the purpose of design. LaijiVillage faces the social issue to transform due to its outflow of labor force, loss of culture, and difficulty in sustaining traditional agriculture. In this study, over 20 interdisciplinary postgraduates majored in Cultural Industry and Library Management read data on Laiji Village in advance and carried out a 2 Days & 1 Night Workshop in Laiji with the topic of social and the method of cooperative in 2016. The social was conducted centering on four social issues faced by Laiji, that is, cultural preservation, handicraft marketing, organic agriculture, and eco-tourism. They should have fieldwork, interview residents, and discussion with their professors so as to dig out the issues and difficulties of Laiji Villageand propose solutions. This study analyzed the 2 Days & 1 Night Social Design Workshop, and explored issues and took action within a short time. The cooperative and social are summarized as follows: 1) Interdisciplinary cooperative has a positive influence on the understanding of the Tribe: Advantages: The students had different expertise and could give full play of their respective strengths. They conducted deep fieldwork and observed from multiple perspectives. Disadvantages: It took much time for them to figure out how to cooperate with each other, which, however, was beneficial for creative thinking. According to different perspectives, they have found that the seemingly ordinary or even problematic status quo is actually the characteristic of the Tribe. 3) Proposal of content of social design: Through the workshop, it has been found that the cultural authenticity of Laiji Village is the best basis for the marketing strategies of Laiji Village. They students analyzed the four social issues of the village, observed Laiji Village based on the concept of eco-museum. Their social presented the wisdom of locals to adapt to the environment and subjective and unique style of Laiji.

BackgroundAround 6 % of births in Australia are to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are 2–3 times more likely to experience adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes than non-Aboriginal women in Australia.MethodsPopulation-based study of mothers of Aboriginal babies born in South Australia, July 2011 to June 2013.Mothers completed a structured questionnaire at a mean of 7 months postpartum. The questionnaire included measures of stressful events and social health issues during pregnancy and maternal psychological distress assessed using the Kessler-5 scale.ResultsThree hundred forty-four women took part in the study, with a mean age of 25 years (range 15–43). Over half (56.1 %) experienced three or more social health issues during pregnancy; one in four (27 %) experienced 5–12 issues. The six most commonly reported issues were: being upset by family arguments (55 %), housing problems (43 %), family member/friend passing away (41 %), being scared by others people’s behavior (31 %), being pestered for money (31 %) and having to leave home because of family arguments (27 %). More than a third of women reporting three or more social health issues in pregnancy experienced high/very high postpartum psychological distress (35.6 % versus 11.1 % of women reporting no issues in pregnancy, Adjusted Odds Ratio = 5.4, 95 % confidence interval 1.9–14.9).ConclusionsThe findings highlight unacceptably high rates of social health issues affecting Aboriginal women and families during pregnancy and high levels of associated postpartum psychological distress. In order to improve Aboriginal maternal and child health outcomes, there is an urgent need to combine high quality clinical care with a public health approach that gives priority to addressing modifiable social risk factors for poor health outcomes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0867-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Purpose of the study: This paper attempted to deal with the issue of Surrogacy from various angles by considering the very essence of Islamic law, i.e., of Shariah. Procreation has considered sacred in Islam; no doubt, it is one of the five fundamental objectives of Shariah (Islamic law), notwithstanding the protection of self, religion, honor, and property. In Muslim societies, religion strongly influences behavior, culture, practices, and policy-making; therefore, according to the Islamic viewpoint, just legitimate pregnancy would result from intermingling sperm and ovum of a legitimately wedded couple. Research methods: The methodology applied in the discussion is a critical analysis based on inductive and deductive approaches to the collected data. The data for this study has been collected from various secondary sources like Academic Research Papers, Research Journals, and other Electronic Sources. Main findings: the conclusion arrived at in the article is that Surrogacy is of various categories, some of which may be Islamically valid and some others invalid. In light of the discussion, it is also concluded that Surrogacy also leads to psychological confusion over the question of motherhood, which Islam considers the highest form of human love and compassion. Application of the study: This study would leave significant implications for legal and social dimensions. The only way to minimize the differences of opinions over any issue in Islamic jurisprudence is deliberation over the issue concerned from the angle of the objectives of Sharīᶜah (Maqāsid al-Sharīᶜah). The issue of Surrogacy as to its validity or invalidity from the Islamic perspective may be resolved in this way. Therefore, the study would doubtlessly help reduce social, physiological, and legal issues based on surrogate practice. Originality and novelty of the study: The least attention has been given to legal and psychological issues in the existing literature. The present study aims to deal with the legal, psychological, and even social issues caused by the practice of Surrogacy. Therefore, this is the first study that has investigated the practice of Surrogacy from multiple perspectives, particularly analyzing them in the framework of the objectives of Sharīᶜah.

Academia is often critiqued as an “ivory tower” where research, thinking, and teaching are isolated from the complexity and everyday experience of so many people. As instructors of political and other psychology courses, we strive to break down these barriers and engage with the dynamic and nuanced nature of phenomena as situated in lived social and political contexts. In this report, we unpack and detail how we strive to achieve this goal by expanding on Plous’ articulation of action teaching (2012). We first define our pedagogical focus on active engagement, critical thinking, and staying on the move between multiple perspectives. We then provide specific examples of how we enact our philosophy in activities and assessment. We end by articulating how this approach to teaching in social and political psychology can be understood as furthering not only our students’ intellectual growth as psychologists, but also their development as democratic citizens. In doing so, we argue that action teaching not only involves course activities directly engaging with social issues, but also provides students with a scaffold to actually do so in a way that is attentive to the complexity, pluralism, and dynamism of social and political issues.

The United Nations Special Rapporteur (UNSR) for Housing is mandated to promote and protect the human right to housing at the international level. However, their work has received little academic attention. This paper investigates how the UNSR for Housing identifies human rights breaches and advocates for solutions across diverse contexts. We conceptualize these contributions using a framing analysis of 24 country reports published over 15 years (2007–2022). This dataset includes 12 high-income countries and 12 low- and middle-income countries, enabling a broad perspective on how housing problems and the right to housing are framed. We identify similarities across these reports that highlight internationally pervasive issues, such as the vulnerability of certain social groups to diverse housing problems, and inadequate housing conditions. We also find that some issues received greater emphasis among high-income countries, such as shortages of social housing, while in low/middle-income country reports, large-scale informal housing settlements were more commonly emphasized. Our analysis illuminates how the UNSR operationalizes the right to housing by setting international standards and promoting tangible improvements in housing conditions, both within and beyond the countries visited. We also demonstrate the utility of framing analysis as a method and conceptual approach in housing studies.

The social issue in Chile stems from an accumulation of social problems resulting from the migratory movements of the countryside-city and mining areas. The cities did not have the hygienic conditions necessary to receive migrants, which caused housing and health problems within the population. To analyze the problems of housing, hygiene, and health in Chile between 1880-1920. We conduct a qualitative, analytical, and interpretive study using primary sources for the categories of analysis around housing, hygiene, and health of the following cities in Chile: Santiago, Valparaíso, Concepción and Chillán. The economic modernization led to the development of public works in the main cities of Chile, which also experienced a demographic phenomenon known as field-city migration, with urban growth never before seen. In the cities, there were problems of housing, hygiene, and health for the popular urban sectors. The State passed laws to regulate the conditions of the conventillos and public spaces to mitigate diseases and vices of the population.

[EN] The origins of social housing in the Region of Murcia. 1900-1936. The initiatives of Working-class Houses in Cartagena and Murcia.
\n\tAt the last decades of the nineteenth century, the problem of working-class houses was a pressing issue in the Region of Murcia. Even with a low industrialization index and an economy fully immersed in a modernization process, the 'social matter', as it was called in the reformist circles, widely spread in a clear way and its consequences mobilised several social agents. From the first overcrowding problems in the mining settlements, to the latest frustrated attempts of cooperative initiatives before Spanish Civil War, the different solutions left a mark, in both architectural and urban scopes, in the main cities of the region. The architecture essays of this period in the province just outline the topic of working-class dwellings, and really go in depth in public or monumental topics from historical or stylistic points of view.
\n\t This dissertation tackles how the working-class house problem arose in the Region of Murcia. It will also deal with the different solving proposals and its evolution during the aforementioned period, from the working-class houses to the initiatives of 'Casas Baratas' considered as the beginning of subsidised social housing in Spain.
\n\t Chapters II and III, following the methodological introduction, are mainly dedicated to a focused contextualisation. The first one refers to the origin of the housing problem in Europe and Spain, from its denunciation to the diverse variety of offered solutions, and it also presents a view of the debate about dwelling and several urban concepts arisen in that moment. The following chapter shows different aspects such as economic, social, demographic or urban issues that help us understand the global scene, first at a regional level and particularized then to Murcia and Cartagena.
\n\tIn the fourth chapter, a summary of social housing laws and acts is showed, at both national and local ranges, from the background on social politics in the middle of nineteenth century up to 1935. The impact of the legal scope in the initiatives of 'Casas Baratas' is also dealt in this chapter. In addition, an abstract of the required procedures to become a beneficiary of state subsidies is added in order to get a better understanding of the next chapters.
\n\tChapters V and VI include the main interventions of working-class houses and 'casas baratas' respectively. The chapter V presents a variety of the main solutions found about non-subsidised working-class interventions, organised by topics. Chapter VI, in turn, covers only the 'Casas Baratas' initiatives that began the administrative procedures and provides the details of their development, from the purchase of the plot and projects to the legal procedures and their present conditions.
\n\t After the descriptions of the solving proposals, it is necessary to do a graphic analysis in order to provide a general overview. Three different methods have been applied to attain this goal: a drawing catalogue of the main interventions, a statistic of the building licenses during this period and finally, a graphic timeline.
\n\t The last chapter is devoted to the study of three low-density interventions of social housing in Rome within the same period of time. They may offer an idea on how this problem was addressed in a city lacking of a great industrial area. Finally, the conclusions of this dissertation consider the global set of the shown experiences and the social and economic issues in order to establish the guidelines in the origin and development of social housing in the region of Murcia.

Geoffrey Studdert Kennedy (1883-1929) was an Anglican clergyman who served as a military chaplain during the First World War. Nicknamed “Woodbine Willie”, he became a popular author, especially for his vernacular poems which unflinchingly presented the views of ordinary people. His first publication was in The Church in the Furnace (1917), an edited volume in which seventeen chaplains explored how the Church needed to change after the war. A prominent conclusion was that the Church was obligated to address social issues. “Woodbine Willie” made good on this commitment, becoming chief spokesperson for the Industrial Christian Fellowship, an organization formed in 1919 that absorbed the older Christian Social Union. Studdert Kennedy championed the rights of workers, addressing industrial problems in books such as Democracy and the Dog Collar (1921). Finally, he became a forthright champion of a robust peace policy in international relations. Studdert Kennedy’s life and work serves to explore how the nineteenth-century tradition of Anglican socialism was galvanized by the horrors of the war, the sympathy with the working classes that close contact with the troops engendered for chaplains, and the realities of strikes, industrial disputes, housing problems, militarism, and other pressing social issues in the interwar period.

The relationship between people, environmental circumstances and the cost of projects in Jordan are focal points of this study, where the problem of low-income housing needs is still increasing, having tripled in the last two decades. The shortage of public housing production and the cost of lands and building materials, mainly controlled by private sector investors, are substantial reasons for the housing crisis in a country of poor economic recourses and high percentage of poverty. The Jordanian government decided to aid the poorest class of the population, offering free of charge shelters organized in small residential quarters, which became a prototype diffused throughout all the Jordanian regions. This paper analyzes one of these typical quarters, collecting data through face-to-face interviews with the households using a structured questionnaire. The study focuses on the physical components of the quarter, looking at open spaces, paths, streets, volumes, materials, colors in relation with the environmental context. It also investigates the households' requirements, relationships and preferences. The study discusses also the housing problems at the macro scale level in order to concretely evaluate the shelters' cost, setting some guidelines with respect to the cultural and environmental local conditions.

The living newspaper, a favorite genre of Hallie Flanagan, the Director of the Federal Theatre Project, was one of America's most ambitious theatrical efforts in the period between the world wars. Descended from the Soviet Red Army's Zhivaya Gazeta ('Alive' or 'Living Newspaper') and German and American agit-prop troupes (McDermott 83), the living newspaper used huge casts, spectacular sets, and film, vaudeville, and agit-prop techniques to depict contemporary political and social issues in theatrical terms. In the four years of the Federal Theatre's existence, from 1935 to 1939, living newspapers addressed issues as diverse and controversial as agricultural reform, labor relations, public ownership of utilities, housing problems, and public health. One issue, however, was pointedly not addressed publicly by the living newspaper was the status of African Americans. The Federal Theatre's fictional dramas often dealt with racial issues. J. A. Smith and Peter Morell's Turpentine (New York, 1936) exposed the wrongs of the Southern labor-camp system, while Theodore Browne's Natural Man (Seattle, 1937), about the legendary John Henry, showed African Americans being worked to death on labor gangs. Hughes Allison's courtroom drama The Trial of Dr. Beck (Newark, 1937) dealt with the implications of racial hatred and self-hatred. And Theodore Ward's Big White Fog (Chicago, 1938) depicted African American society as divided among belief in the American dream, the Marcus Garvey Back-to-Africa movement, and socialism. In fact, three living newspapers about African Americans were completed, and at least one more was proposed, but not a single one was produced. Were the authors too unknown? Was the quality of their work too low? Were their staging requirements too complex or expensive? Was there insufficient audience for them? Was there a problem with the living-newspaper form itself? And was there, officially or unofficially, consciously or unconsciously, some sort of racially based censorship? Elmer Rice, a Broadway director and the author of The Adding Machine (1923), Street Scene (1929), and other successful plays, proposed the first living newspaper about race relations. Rice, of Eastern European Jewish descent, was the first head of the New York office of the Federal Theatre, but he resigned in 1936 to protest the censorship by the government of the living newspaper Ethiopia, about Mussolini's invasion of country. Before his resignation, Rice proposed and wrote an outline for a living newspaper with contemporary American racial subject matter. He planned a show that would expose the common practice of lynching Negroes and also the plight of the sharecroppers (Abramson 65). The left-leaning director Joseph Losey also was probably involved in planning this play. The staff of the living newspaper office researched and put together a preliminary draft in twelve scenes: Called The South, it is clearly a work-in-progress. The play opens with Lincoln reading the Emancipation Proclamation, and closes with Angelo Herndon, a Black labor organizer, calling on his comrades - and the audience - to join in the fight of all workers against the international capitalist conspiracy. In between, it covers such racially charged matters as the Scottsboro case, separate-and-unequal educational allotments, the flogging of integrationists, and the Senate's anti-lynching bill; largely unconnected matters such as constitutional challenges to the Tennessee Valley Authority are treated as well. The draft of The South has none of the earmarks of the best living newspapers, such as a narrator, a common-man character who acts as the audience's representative on stage, or scenes put current issues into focus through vaudeville-like techniques. Unlike other living newspapers, the script contains no footnotes or bibliography, despite the fact virtually every one of its scenes quotes prominent political figures. …

ABSTRACTThe paper discusses the housing crisis in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, a phenomenon that particularly affects the socioeconomically vulnerable. The paradigm adopted is the interpretative, with Critical Discourse Analysis as a theoretical framework and qualitative methodology. The Converging Linguistic Approaches Method is adopted. By studying a corpus of relevant legal texts, this paper explores the way in which the poor are constructed as subjects in City Law No. 3706, the only text where they feature as a dominant focus category. To that end we need to deepen our understanding of the way in which the linguistic and discursive category of the poor as actors/subjects is constructed in the text. This paper also aims to show the ways in which linguistic discourse enquiry may use a qualitative analysis tool to shed light on social issues.

Attendance to notable terms promotes narrative frame analysis when students read multiple expository texts

This chapter provides the necessary grounding in political ideology and its influence on the ways people perceive and act in the social world. Every political ideology has three aspects: a critique of society, a vision of the best society, and agency to get closer to attaining that vision. This chapter makes a case for the relevance of three political ideologies that arose out of modernity, namely, liberalism, conservatism, and socialism. It explains the evolution of all three ideologies, in particular the ways in which the critical left has reformed the economic theories of socialism into social democracy, an ideology that shares the same social values as liberalism in terms of minority rights and anti-capital punishment. Social democratic governments accept capitalism, but support legislation to help economically oppressed groups. This chapter deconstructs ubiquitous use of political terms such as right wing and left wing by replacing them with a more sophisticated taxonomy that includes specific ideological positions on both economic and social issues. For example, this economic/social distinction explains why some Americans call the Democratic Party left wing, while others consider it to be as supportive of the corporate agenda as the Republican Party. Both views are correct: on social issues, the Democrats are mostly progressive or left wing, while on economic issues they are clearly beholden to the right wing agenda of the major corporations. The chapter includes questions that will help the reader develop a deep understanding of these ideologies and their positions on important social, economic, and political issues in the United States and Canada.

Periods of social and economic crisis offer critical opportunities for journalists to interrogate gender inequalities, specifically the gender stereotypes and norms informing and perpetuating them. The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of this when gender inequalities were aggravated due to health, socio-economic, cultural, factors and emergency regulations in place. This exploratory study adopts a qualitative approach to analyse representations of women in mainstream media in Ireland during this time. Harnessing theoretical and methodological tools from Frame Analysis [Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Vancouver: Harvard University Press] and Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis [Lazar, M. M. 2007. “Feminist critical discourse analysis: Articulating a feminist discourse praxis.” Critical Discourse Studies 4 (2): 141–164], discourses on key social actors and issues are examined along with the strategies and linguistic devices employed to construct them. Findings suggest that while a range of frames can be traced in the corpus which highlight women’s vulnerabilities, a frame focused on women’s health, specifically on experiences with maternity and related issues and services, was predominant, reinforcing the traditional association of women with the domestic sphere. However, the range of linguistic tools, sources and statistics employed demonstrates critical nuances among the newspapers studied, reflecting their different ideological positions. Overall, while inequalities faced by women during this period were acknowledged, gender stereotypes and norms were ultimately sustained rather than challenged.