Abstract
The present power grid is complex due to enormous real time applications and hence requires new developmental areas of smart grid. As such, the grid which has been slowly becoming ‘modernized’ to meet the new challenges is overly stressed. In a bid to develop enabling technologies so as to address the mitigation of the various stresses the power grid faces, there arises a need for monitoring and control scheme for real-time operation [1] and applications. This will necessitate a primary aim which is to provide preventative monitoring and controls rather than corrective control. The enhanced grid requires new optimization techniques as well. This paper reviews new measurement techniques and tools with real time applications to Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm with vulnerability, survivability and reliability as measures of performance indices.
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