Abstract

The authors propose a Manchester Encoding inspired illumination modulation strategy to properly index the temporally-aligned vision frames, which are successfully synchronized by the LED reference signal. Based on signal normalization, Manchester Encoded reference signals carry temporal information owing to serial communication and thus can timestamp the output vision frame. Both simulated and experimental results show satisfactory robustness to various disturbances, such as dynamic targets, fluctuant optical intensity, and unfixed cameras, etc. The 1,000 Hz vision sensor is locked to 500 Hz temporally modulated LED illumination with only 24 μs jitters. This result is believed to be applicable to low-cost wireless vision sensor network.

Highlights

  • The emphasis of vision sensor technology becomes more and more evident in various visual measurements, such as automotive, human machine interface, surveillance and security, and industry control

  • This paper proposes to use temporally encoded illumination instead of regularly modulated illumination for camera synchronization that can be used even for low-cost wireless vision sensor networks

  • There are many state-of-the-art researches into temporal index techniques on wireless communication, such as [31,32], we expect to develop the most natural and unaffected temporal index scheme to identify the time information taken by vision sensors

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Summary

Introduction

The emphasis of vision sensor technology becomes more and more evident in various visual measurements, such as automotive, human machine interface, surveillance and security, and industry control. Instead of dedicated synchronization wires, some systems allow synchronization through standard electronic buses used for image transfer such as IEEE 1394 [24] and Ethernet [25,26] These systems bring higher flexibility, but they still require wired connections and are unsuitable for wireless vision sensor networks. There are many industrial cameras equipped with wired synchronization trigger inputs/outputs, which send/receive only triggers for shuttering timing but without information on frame correspondence, they are still useful in various applications. There are many state-of-the-art researches into temporal index techniques on wireless communication, such as [31,32], we expect to develop the most natural and unaffected temporal index scheme to identify the time information taken by vision sensors. This issue can be addressed with the help of serial communication

Synchronization Algorithm
Motivation of Temporal Encoding
Manchester Temporal Encoding Scheme
Manchester Encoding Feedback Algorithm
Simulation
System Implementation
Temporal Modulation of LED Reference
Highly Dynamic Scenes
Experiments
Index Range and Detection
Effective Intensity of Reference Illumination
Robustness in Highly Dynamic Scenes
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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