Fractional-order PID controller for blood pressure regulation using genetic algorithm

Abstract

In this paper, fractional order PID controller [FOPID] is designed for automatic blood pressure regulation. One of the most common problems faced by post-operative patients is abnormal blood pressure (BP). Infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) into the patient reduces blood pressure by relaxing the peripheral vasculature's muscles. The patient’s BP must be continuously monitored by an expert and the correct dose has to be given to the patient. It will be difficult to give the desired dosage to a patient manually because drug sensitivity is different for different patients. So, an appropriate controller must be designed to regulate blood pressure and minimize clinical expenses. A fractional-order PID controller is proposed in this paper to regulate mean arterial pressure, and FOPID parameters are optimized as a function of minimizing integral absolute error (IAE), integral squared error (ISE), and integral time absolute error (ITAE) using genetic algorithm. The performance of the proposed system is improved in terms of undershoot, settling time, and maximum peak overshoot. A MATLAB environment was used for the simulation of the system and the implementation of the algorithm.