Abstract
Based on the experimental studies of thixotropic behavior of bentonite clay suspensions at different salinities and temperatures, a complex nonlinear rheological phenomenon was firstly discovered in our previous work [Yin et al., Eng. Geol, 295(2021): 106,435], which exhibits multi-stage stress responses including stress overshoot and power-law flow behaviors. Motivated from this observation, in this work, a variable-order viscoelastic element and a novel viscoplastic element are combined to simultaneously characterize the complex multi-stage stress response of suspensions, where the former is used to describe stress overshoot and the latter is applied to characterize power-law flow behavior. The model is further employed to describe salinity/temperature-dependent rheological behavior of suspensions, where the criteria for model parameters are established. The results indicate that fractional order can be regarded as an index to identify the flow behavior where the order evolution exhibits three stages corresponding to the multi-stage flow behavior of bentonite suspensions. Applications of the proposed fractional model at different salinities and temperatures further validate the predictability and efficiency.
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