Fostering sustainable growth through creative community-based tourism (C-CBT): A case study of Ban Ruam Thai village in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand

Innovation and entrepreneurship in tourism are favourable for the development of a diversified offer and according to the visitor's demands. At the same time, both are capable of generating new tourism benefits for the local economy with the emergence of new businesses that will generate jobs. These entrepreneurial companies offer tourism packages that include community activities based on local culture and history. The activities motivate the visitor, and the visitor becomes involved in the cultural experiences offered by the destinations; from that moment on, what is known as “creative tourism” is generated. The objective of this study is to analyse creative tourism for tourism business ventures in Latin America. A systematic review of the literature on creative tourism, which favours the development of tourism entrepreneurship, has been carried out. The search process followed the guidelines of the Prisma protocol, and the Scopus, WoS and ProQuest databases were used to carry it out. The results revealed that 20 papers were included in the review; the majority (10) presented a qualitative methodology, while the year 2021 presented the largest number of publications referring to creative tourism. It was found that there is little literature on creative tourism and tourism entrepreneurship as aspects examined together. On the other hand, it was established that investment in tourism favours entrepreneurship through the development of creative tourism. The most used tourism strategies in Peru, Brazil and Chile were the Poverty Reduction and Alleviation Project and Haku Wiñay, as well as workshops, book presentations, forums, talks and conferences. It was concluded that creative tourism plays an important role in the creation and development of tourism ventures in the towns, localities and cultural spaces of a country. In this way, the development of better tourism infrastructures and the obtaining of greater investments are promoted.

Changes in tourism trends make tourists need to be more interactive and try to overcome the experience of not just being tourists who are served by actors in the tourism industry. The development of creative tourism is like this, and besides being able to meet the needs of tourists, the development of creative tourism can also create jobs and improve people's welfare. The city of Bandung is a city owned by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy to be included in the UNESCO World Network of creative cities. However, the city of Bandung also has a limited typology of natural tourism. This is what makes the Bandung City government take advantage of the creative spaces that exist around the community, namely Kampung-Kota as an alternative for developing tourism potential. The Bandung City Government has developed 30 creative tourism villages in 30 Bandung City Districts. And Dago Pojok Creative Tourism Village is the first creative tourism village in Bandung City and the ideas from the Dago Pojok Village community become an example for other Creative Tourism Villages in Bandung City. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the actual conditions of creative tourism in the Dago Pojok Creative Tourism Village as a creative tourist attraction and its impact on the socio-economic conditions of the community. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach with analysis using coding tools. The development of creative tourism in the Dago Pojok Creative Tourism Village has had a positive impact on the socio-economic life of the community. Judging from the relationship between the community, education, increased community income, and the opening of new job opportunities for the community. Even so, the overall socio-economic impact for the community has not been sustainable. Because creative tourism activities have not been able to become the main livelihood and uncertain community income which depends on the number of tourist visits to Dago Pojok Creative Village

Creative Capacity (RCC) is a dynamic research topic that integrates authentic creativity, indigenous knowledge, innovation, entrepreneurship, and networking. RCC is a valuable tool for regional policy makers to achieve economic growth, tourism development, and social cohesion in peripheral areas. Cultural Associations, especially in remote areas, serve as “authentic organizations” related to local culture and traditions that support regional uniqueness, identity, and authenticity, and foster creative capacity through various cultural activities (non-typical museums, local cultural events and festivals, revival of customs, rituals, gastronomy, craft etc.). Nowadays, tourists are increasingly seeking “authentic” cultural tourism experiences that require active participation and co-creation in the community’s customs and manifestations. Therefore, cultural associations can be examined within the broader perspective of creative tourism. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the dynamics of cultural associations can function as a mechanism to encourage creative tourism in peripheral communities, using four creativity criteria: people, process, product, and environment. The study also aims to examine networking opportunities of cultural associations based on three criteria: administrative, spatial and functional, and to propose novel local creative tourism networks. The qualitative research method employed is a case study approach with structured observation, document analysis, and in-depth interviews with nineteen Cultural Associations in the Regional Unit of Rodopi in Northern Greece. Research findings reveal a strong potential for the development of creative tourism in the broader area with highlighted perspectives and options for further action, while emphasizing the need for networking of cultural associations.

The number of tourists in Serang and Pandeglang Regency has not reached a high growth rate. To increase the number of tourist visits in the two regencies, the development of creative tourism is needed as a tourist attraction. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential for creative tourism and analyze the supporting factors of the development of creative tourism in Serang and Pandeglang Regencies. This research is a qualitative study using interview and observation methods. The analytical method used is the 4 As tourism component, attractions, amenities, accessibility, and ancillary services. The results of the study indicate that there is a potential for creative tourism in Serang Regency, namely Kampung Seni Yudha Asri, J2 Pottery, Sentra Pengrajin Tas dan Dompet Desa Kadugenep, Durian Jatohan Haji Arif, Sentra Pengrajin Golok Desa Seuat Jaya, Anyer Krakatau Culture Festival (AKCF) dan Bendolan Pamarayan. Creative tours in Pandeglang Regency are Agrowisata Gandamanis, Kampung Domba Juhut Pandeglang, Desa Wisata Banyubiru, Pasar Kaulinan Menes, Kampung Batik Cikadu Tanjung Lesung dan Sentra Pengrajin Kayu Desa Kertajaya. The supporting factors for the development of creative tourism are planning, human resources, conditions of tourism destinations, supporting infrastructure, and institutions. The implication of this research is as considerations for the Regional Government in the development of socialization, training and mentoring programs to increase understanding and self-development for the community regarding creative tourism.

Purpose – This paper examines the phenomenon of creative tourism in general and evaluates the cultural capital of Cetinje city and its surroundings. Design – Research has shown that Cetinje has extraordinary cultural and natural resources for the development of cultural tourism in the city and the entire municipality. Methodology – For the purposes of this study secondary ("on desk") researches of the phenomenon of cultural tourism and creative tourism were conducted as its special part. In this context benchmark analysis were applies, respectively identification of international benchmarks in the field of cultural tourism. In the primary part the inventory of attractions was carried out on which creative tourism of Cetinje would be built and survey was executed regarding awareness of the main internal stakeholders with regard to creative tourism, and its development in the town and municipality of Cetinje. Approach – Creative tourism is viewed as a derivative of cultural heritage, and only few know the character of active cultural tourism in fact cultural preferences of tourists towards experience of local culture and nature. Findings – Managing of development of creative tourism requires proper institutional organization, in order to ensure coordination of all participants and ensure synergy effects of organized joint action. Originality of the research – The paper identifies the main challenges and threats to the development of creative tourism in the municipality of Cetinje and the city of Cetinje..

The relevance of the study of creative tourism is that it acts as a socio-cultural phenomenon and an effective technology that formulates the basic principles and approaches to building a modern socio-cultural tourism process. Creative tourism necessarily forms information specialists (data specialists) in tourism, who are effective employees of tourist offices with creative technologies. The purpose of the study: conceptualization of tourism as an effective technology and socio-cultural phenomenon. Objectives of the study: 1) to form a model of communication trends of creative tourism, implemented through the media and advertising companies travel agencies; 2) to find out the modern components of the development of the model of communication trends in the development of creative tourism in the era of man-made civilization; 3) to reveal new trends in technology in the development of creative tourism as a socio-cultural phenomenon and effective technology; 4) to form the concept of improving communication trends in the development of Data Science in the digital transformation of society; 5) to reveal the essence and directions of self-realization of the individual in the field of tourism as a socio-cultural process. The methodological basis of the study is determined by a set of philosophical, special and general scientific methods, including axiological, activity, cognitive, institutional, structural-functional, dialectical, synergetic, systemic, historical-comparative, logical-historical, anthropological. The result of the study. A significant advantage of the concept of creative tourism is that it is designed to become an arena of spiritual self-improvement of people, as in tourism a person embodies the highest values ​​created by civilization, acts as a factor of integration of societies and cultures. Areas of improvement of communication trends in the development of creative tourism - is to meet human needs, which includes the basic principles and approaches to building modern tourism strategies, the development of creative potential of the individual as a subject of information and innovation society.

Creative tourism has recently emerged as an important area of tourism development, particularly in the Global North. In the Global South, studies of the profile of creative tourists and their motives for partaking in creative tourism are limited. This paper investigates creative tourism demand among South African millennials, analysing what motivates their participation and developing a descriptive consumer profile. CHAID analysis was used for segmentation, revealing a group with a high participation intention and a second group with a low probability of creative tourism participation. Creative tourism intentions were linked to knowledge acquisition, skills and escape motivations, and demographic characteristics including relationship status and gender. Respondents were more likely to participate in domestic rather than international creative tourism, indicating the potential for creative tourism development in South Africa. The findings could help managers and policymakers meet the needs of creative tourists, addressing shortfalls in product development, experience design and marketing.

So far, the development of tourism in Borobudur depends on The Borobudur Temple as a tourist destination. Meanwhile, sustainable tourism, can’t only promote destinations, but also the strengthening of environmental sustainability, local wisdom, and sustainable economy. This study aims to explain the development of creative tourism through the model of storynomics tourism in Borobudur. The concept used in this research include creative tourism, storytelling in marketing communication, and storynomics tourism model. This research applies both quantitative and qualitative approach. Data collection was done through a survey, FGD, and interview. The result show that there are at least five sources of tourism creativity in Borobudur, namely creativity in nature, arts/craft, spirituality, gastronomy, and language. The creativity comes from collaboration between government, local communities, tourism service provider, and the tourism themselves. The development of creative tourism is done with the formation of cultural narrative that originates from culture, history, and relief of Borobudur Temple into story of economic value (storynomics).
 
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Liangshan Prefecture, located in Sichuan Province in Southwest China, is the largest inhabited area of the Yi ethnic group and is also known as a contiguous impoverished area in the country. Therefore, poverty needs to be addressed through rural revitalization. The purpose of this study is to explore the strategic objectives and achievements of rural revitalization in Liangshan Yi Area through the construction of demonstration villages, to explore the current situation and problems of cultural and creative tourism development, and to provide Suggestions for improvement through literature collection and empirical investigation. The research finds that the problems of cultural and creative tourism development in the case model village include the strengthening of infrastructure construction, the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure, the lack of downward publicity and external publicity, and the low cognition and acceptance of cultural and creative tourism. Finally, this study suggests that to develop cultural and creative tourism in the model village, the government must make relevant improvements, such as strengthening policy support, actively promoting and guiding the development of cultural and creative tourism in the model village, and increase the link with colleges and universities. For the demonstration villages, this study suggests that the professional quality of cultural and creative tourism of village leaders, the establishment of cultural and tourism seed teachers, and the establishment of village organization and manpower training should be improved.

This study aims to investigate the determinants that contribute to the sustainable development of creative tourism, a transformative shift from traditional cultural tourism which possess high economic potential. Grounded in stakeholder theory, a qualitative approach was employed to explore the perspectives of 23 existing suppliers of creative tourism in the Greater Bay Area, China, through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with key management in exiting business, this study uncovers determinants for the development of creative tourism. The findings shed light on the significance of fostering creative synergies and their implications for sustainable growth in the industry. While a positive attitude from suppliers is crucial, this study emphasizes the importance of mutual understanding of creativity to generate momentum, integration of local culture and regional knowledge, and the development of creative products. Moreover, removing barriers faced by suppliers such as a lack of financial support, insufficient government policies and regulations, and inadequate infrastructure is imperative for sustainable development. This research significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing an overview of the current research status on suppliers' perspectives towards creative tourism. It offers valuable directions for future scholarly inquiry in this field. Moreover, the research offers valuable insights that can assist policymakers and destination planners in developing efficient policies and sustainable planning approaches.

In this paper we introduce sustainability dimensions of creative tourism and develop a model of sustainable creative tourism.The concepts of culture-based creativity and sustainability as tools for a value-adding impact on cultural tourism and local culture are discussed in the theoretical part of the paper.Our empirical analysis reveals that higher GDP per capita does not necessary correlate with higher competitiveness of an economy: a comparison analysis of Slovenian and Estonian international competitive positions in various domains shows several weaknesses of Slovenian competitiveness and offers an explanation for indispensable systemic view on tourism competitiveness.Our world wide web analysis of the steps made in creative tourism development in both countries indicates Estonian advantage, which could be taken as an example of good practice.Some suggestions for Slovenian policymaking with regard to institutional support for culturebased creativity and creative tourism development are made in the final part of the paper.

This study investigates the relationships between travel motivation, destination image and overall satisfaction of international tourists visiting Sichuan province after the great Wenchuan earthquake of 2008. Did the earthquake influence tourist’ motivations for visiting Sichuan either positively or negatively, and did the earthquake affect their image of the province as desirable travel destination? Survey data collected from 346 international tourists in Chengdu, the provincial capital, revealed that respondents were primarily motivated by Sichuan's traditional attractions – its scenery and the giant pandas native to the area rather than by the earthquake. Structural equation modelling revealed a statistically significant relationship between travel motivation and overall visitor satisfaction, as well as relationships between travel motivation and types of destination image. Furthermore, both positive and negative destination images seem to have an effect on overall satisfaction. This study implies that international tourists to Sichuan tend to visit for its scenery and wildlife; the 2008 earthquake has had little effect on their travel motivations and destination images; and these visitors hold positive images of the province.

This conceptual chapter reviews recent work in the fields of creative and cultural tourism and placemaking to show how cultural sustainability can be supported through the development of creative tourism and creative placemaking. It considers definitions of placemaking and develops a model of the placemaking process based on the use of resources, meaning, and creativity, or ‘what we have’, ‘how we do things’, and ‘what we do’. Creative tourism is considered as a potential means of stimulating creative placemaking through the analysis of different examples, including the Hieronymus Bosch 500 programme in Den Bosch in the Netherlands, creative tourism programmes in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Barcelona’s concept of enlisting tourists as ‘temporary citizens’. In all of these places, creativity has been used to improve reality, not just the image or brand.

This article examines how Brazilian municipalities used acreative tourism approach to promote tourism development and its broadersocietal implications. We conducted a content thematic analysis based onin-depth interviews with key tourism stakeholders and a documentary analysis ofthe creative tourism plans of three Brazilian cities. The results suggest thatBrazilian public policies on creative tourism reflect the evolution of theconcept in the field. We proposed a creative tourism development model as aspiral process that, if well-managed, can amplify the perspective on tourismsocial value. The spiral framework comprises six dimensions: TerritorialDiagnosis, Community Engagement, Creative Ambiance, Network Activation,Political Decision-making, and Implementation. It provides a long-term and moresustainable process, in which outcomes represent socio-economic,socio-environmental, and socio-cultural values. At the same time, this valuecreation yields inputs that elevate the spiral to the next level, serving as atool to manage creative tourism development.

The development of creative tourism that relies on the creative industry in Kampung Batik Kauman requires cooperation and partnership with tourism stakeholders so that the planning and implementation go according to the goals of sustainable tourism. This study aims to identify the actual conditions of creative tourism and identify the form of partnership that exists between the government and the creative industry in Kampung Batik Kauman. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The participants of this study were the government of Surakarta City and the creative industry involved in creative tourism activities and involved in cooperation or partnerships in Kampung Batik Kauman. The results of this study indicate that creative tourism in Kampung Batik Kauman meets the criteria for developing creative tourism. The form of partnership that exists between the government and the creative industry in developing creative tourism is a complementary partnership, where the benefits have been felt by the government and the creative industry but are still limited.