Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is a potential membrane technology to treat wastewater energy efficiently with low fouling. In laboratory-scale experiments, six effluents from a dairy and an automobile production plant were tested to find out if FO is an applicable treatment technology. Permeate flux and reverse salt flux were determined in nine test series with three subsequent 5 h experiments each. In between, the membrane was cleaned with deionized water. Membrane performance tests before each experiment were used to monitor membrane performance and fouling. Samples were analysed and the T/M-value was introduced to indicate which substances caused fouling. Dairy cheese brine was a suitable DS. Here, permeate fluxes were 21.0 and 15.1 L/(m²·h). Automobile cooling tower water and wastewater from cathodic dip painting were also used as DS. However, permeate fluxes were below 1.1 L/(m²·h). The tested FS, reverse osmosis concentrate from dairy wastewater treatment, rinsing water and wastewater from automobile cathodic dip painting, as well as wastewater from automobile paint shop pre-treatment, showed good performance regarding the permeate flux of between 7.9 and 19.4 L/(m²·h). Membrane performance test showed that some of the effluents lead to permeate flux reduction due to fouling. Different cleaning-in-place methods were examined. Eventually, permeate flux was restored.
Highlights
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) defined 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) (United Nations )
Laboratory-scale Forward osmosis (FO) experiments were performed with four effluents from an automobile production site and two effluents from a dairy to investigate the principal applicability of FO
Cathodic dip painting rinsing and wastewater as well as paint shop pre-treatment wastewater from automobile industry appear suitable as feed solution (FS) for FO because the permeate fluxes were 12.1, 19.4 and 7.5 L/(m2·h) combined with 1 mol/L NaCl
Summary
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) defined 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) (United Nations ). One of them is the ‘availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. This goal, and others, are directly linked to a sufficient water supply (Ait-Kadi ). Industry is consuming 19% of worldwide freshwater, making it the second largest consumer behind agriculture (70%) (WWAP ). In order to achieve all of the defined SDG, an efficient water usage in industrial production processes is essential. Modern treatment technologies are applied to clean industrial wastewater so
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