Fortaleciendo la resiliencia alimentaria: la contribución de la leche bovina en las zonas rurales

Introduction: The article presents the results of analyzing the dynamics of consumption of milk and dairy products in the Russian Federation in 1990–2022 and their role in nutrition as a source of essential nutrients. Objective: To analyze the dynamics and past trends in the consumption of milk and dairy products in Russia. Materials and methods: We analyzed patterns of milk and dairy product consumption based on data of the following surveys: annual sample surveys of household budgets conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) in 1990–2022; sample observations of diets carried out by Rosstat in the years 2013 and 2018, and the Russian monitoring of the socio-economic situation and health status of the population in 1994–2012. Results: We have noted a positive upward trend in the frequency of consumption of milk and dairy products by the population; yet, in general, their consumption remains below the recommended rational values. The greatest increase in consumption was noted for fermented milk products, yogurt, sour cream and cream, cottage cheese and curd mass, cheese and feta cheese. At the same time, we established that only 74.5 % of adults and children over a year old include milk and fermented milk products, 47.6 % – cottage cheese and curd products, and 54.5 % – cheese in their diet daily or several times a week. A decrease in the consumption of milk and dairy products by the population, especially children, can be considered as a serious risk factor for the development of deficiencies of the most important essential nutrients (calcium and vitamins) and such related diseases as osteopenia and osteoporosis. Conclusion: The necessity of developing and implementing targeted educational programs for various population groups on healthy eating with an emphasis on the role of dairy products in nutrition, their contribution to supply of macro- and micronutrients, as well as recommendations on including at least 2 to 3 servings of dairy products in the daily diet, both for children and adults, is substantiated.

The paper assesses food security in the consumption of milk and dairy products in the Russian Federation and shows the role of individual categories of farms in solving the food problem. Analysis of trends and factors in the development of dairy cattle breeding substantiates the directions for providing the country's population with milk according to the rational nutritional standards in light of international sanctions. The agrarian policy pursued by the state has increased milk production and reduced its imports but has not solved the problem of food security in the consumption of dairy products. The authors conclude that food security in the consumption of milk and dairy products will be supported by import substitution in the food market, the increase in milk production through technical and technological modernization of dairy farming, improvement of selection and breeding work and state support, concentration of milk production in specialized agricultural organizations and farms, the development of cooperation, improvement of livestock productivity through the use of modern technologies, improved use of the genetic potential of cows, strengthening of the feed base, and optimization of feed rations.

Due to their high nutritional value, milk and dairy products should be a permanent element of a properly balanced diet for children and adolescents. The study aimed to identify (i) the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption by children aged 10-12 years in the opinion of children and their parents and (ii) the determinants related to the consumption of these products (including lifestyle, nutrition knowledge, and the nutritional status of children's as well as parents' nutrition knowledge). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 12,643 primary school students aged 10-12 and 7363 parents. Dietary data were collected using the Food Frequency Consumption and Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren® and KomPAN®). Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratios (WHtR) were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to assess the likelihood of the frequent consumption of dairy products in the opinion of both the children and their parents, and the quality of the obtained models was assessed using model fit statistics and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The frequency of consuming milk and milk products (every day and more) was low in the opinion of children aged 10-12 years (29.6%). According to their parents, the frequency of the consumption of dairy products was slightly higher (44.8%). Six factors associated with the frequency of milk and dairy product consumption were identified independently. These included schoolchildren and their parents' nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep, gender, and place of residence. More of these products were consumed by children with greater nutrition knowledge-both their own and their parents'-higher physical activity, longer sleep duration, males, and those living in the city. Family eating habits, particularly eating meals together, also played an important role in the consumption of milk and dairy products. According to the parents, the children in older grades were less likely to consume dairy products more frequently. The obtained results suggest an insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products. The identification of modifiable factors, such as nutrition knowledge, physical activity, sleep duration, and eating meals with the family, suggests the need to improve the existing strategies, including activities encouraging nutritional education for both schoolchildren and their parents.

Background: The association between consumption of food and mortality rates from breast cancer has been found to vary in significance and magnitude across countries. The aim was to assess the relationship between per capita consumption of milk and dairy products and mortality rates for breast cancer. Methods and Objectives: This nationwide, ecological study analyzed relationship between per capita consumption of dairy and mortality for breast cancer in Serbia. Mortality data and per capita food consumption were obtained from official databases. The linear regression analysis was used to assess the strength and direction of the relationship between consumption of dairy and variation in the mortality by determining the b coefficient (with 95% CIS, Confidence Intervals). Statistical significance was considered when p<0.050. Results: Per capita milk consumption was significantly positively associated with breast cancer mortality (b = +0.057, 95% CI = 0.021 to 0.093, p = 0.005). A significant negative association was observed between the consumption of yogurt and mortality from breast cancer (b = -0.112, 95% CI = -0.222 to -0.002, p = 0.047). In contrast, per capita consumption of cheese was not significantly correlated with mortality from breast cancer (b = -0.322, 95% CI = -0.335 to 0.999, p = 0.299). Conclusions: Consumption of dairy is of potential importance for mortality from breast cancer in Serbia. Further epidemiological analytical studies are needed to investigate a possible causative association.

Background:
\nNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in South Asia and North Africa. In recent years, NPC incidence is dramatically decreasing which cannot be explained by the current etiological factors. Moreover, milk consumption is promising as factor to be investigated and showed declining trend in worldwide. To our knowledge, there are no population level studies to examine the association between NPC and milk & dairy products consumption.
\n
\nObjective:
\nThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between NPC incidence and per capita consumption of milk at the population level.
\n
\nMethods:
\nThese were two types of ecological studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal ecological study). NPC incidence data were collected from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IX (1998-2002) and several population-based cancer registries. Data of per capita consumption of milk & dairy were obtained from Food Agriculture Organization (FAO).
\n
\nResults:
\nIn cross-sectional ecological study, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC is negatively associated with per capita consumption of milk & dairy products in 48 countries/ regions from 1961 to 2009. Moreover, in one-way sensitivity analysis, the result was consistent with the above. In longitudinal ecological study from around 1980 to 2009, ASIR of NPC (both genders) was negatively correlated with milk consumption per capita in Hong Kong and Singapore. The ASIR of NPC (both genders) was decreased with per capita consumption of milk from around 40 to 140 kg/capita/year in Hong Kong and Singapore. Further, such negative associations were found statistically significantly between NPC and milk consumption in Hong Kong after adjusting for HDI.
\n
\nConclusion:
\nOur study provided information on the protective association between NPC and milk & dairy products. Our ecological study shows that higher per capita consumption of milk & dairy products is associated with a lower risk of NPC development. However, our finding need to future confirm since there are major limitations on data and methods. Further research is needed for confirmation of the link between milk consumption and NPC.

The paper is focused on the issue of consumption of milk and dairy products as an important part of the rational nutrition of the population of the Slovak Republic. The aim of the paper is to highlight the development of consumption of drinking milk and selected dairy products, including cheese and acid-based products, in the last 20 years in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. Furthermore, the paper focuses on comparing current consumption of milk and dairy products with recommended intakes resulting from the rationalization of diet. Based on the results, it can be stated that the consumption of milk and dairy products is insufficient at the level of 70% of the recommended consumption intakes of the selected food group. In connection with this, it is important to note that the consumption of drinking milk is low. The results obtained by processing the secondary data were supplemented with the primary data obtained from the questionnaire survey. Based on the results, we have conclude that most consumers are trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle and rational diet, which is just the consumption of milk and dairy products. Consumers especially prefer drinking milk, cheese and yoghurt, whose consumption is still low, which the respondents attribute to the high prices of the monitored products as compared to their income. On the other hand, the results showed the main factors determining the consumption of milk and dairy products, among which we can include quality, composition, price, durability and nutrition data. Based on the results obtained by processing secondary data and primary research, we suggest informing and educating consumers about the positive health effects and highlighting the recommended benefits to a greater extent.

The article demonstrates the ambiguity of approaches used in the academic environment and business practice to determine the factors of strategic development of the dairy subcomplex. This is largely determined by the lack of unity regarding the target, resulting indicator. Taking the average per capita consumption of milk and dairy products as a result indicator, it becomes possible to take into account factors of a social, economic and political nature, because The formed model makes it possible to identify factors such as average per capita production (through indicators of livestock, cow productivity, and population size), the share of imported food supplies in total dairy production, and the ratio of the change in stocks of finished products relative to the value of production. The formed factor model also makes it possible to determine the under-production and lack of consumption of dairy products.

A Review of the Role of Milk and Dairy Products in the Development of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the development of the agrarian sector of the Russian economy, as well as the formation of conditions necessary for the dynamic evolution of its sectors at the regional level. The article systematises and presents various approaches to studying the definition of “production potential” set out in the scientific works of domestic and foreign economists. The research methodology was based on a theoretical analysis of approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “production potential”, a retrospective and statistical analysis of gross milk production, livestock and productivity of cows, and per capita milk consumption, taking into account the practical approach to the definition of “production potential”. The problem of degradation of dairy cattle breeding in the Krasnoyarsk Territory has been identified, which entails a decrease in the average per capita consumption of milk and dairy products and an imbalance in food security in the region. The task of studying the issues of forming and increasing the efficiency of using the production potential of the industry is outlined, taking into account the dynamically changing conditions for the development of the domestic economy. Based on the analysis of global trends in the development of the industry, as well as the experience of leading domestic farms, the composition of the tools for the digital transformation of dairy cattle breeding is presented. As a result of the study, a new approach to forming the industry’s production potential was formulated, which made it possible to revise the conceptual policy for developing dairy cattle breeding, considering modern digital tools.

The goal is to reveal the problems of development of livestock industry in Kazakhstan, which is given great attention as the most important area of State agricultural policy and a priority in agriculture. The need to monitor milk and dairy products market is justified by its social significance, employment, income of the population and food security of the country. The authors note that the dairy subcomplex has its own characteristics, specifics of production and distribution, conditions for achieving quality and competitiveness, taking into account the influence of external factors. In this regard, the study is devoted to development of recommendations for further improvement of domestic dairy farming sub-sector. Methods – general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization of the collected information. Results – dairy market was analyzed in terms of indicators: average per capita consumption of milk and dairy products in the Republic of Kazakhstan, imports and exports over the past 5 years. The main reasons hindering the increase in the volume of final products and low productivity of animals: low share of breeding stock in agri-businesses and private farms, lack of high-quality feed, noncompliance with livestock keeping technologies, high level of equipment wear and tear, lack of effective links between commodity producers of raw materials and its processors in the republic, in particular, Almaty region. Conclusions – elimination of shortage of raw materials, financial recovery of enterprises, use of modern marketing technologies in food sales, the provision of rational logistics chains for the transportation, storage and sale of dairy products is needed.

Despite its contribution to nutrient intake and status, consumption of milk and dairy products by children and adolescents in many countries has waned in recent decades, with a substantial proportion of youth failing to meet intake recommendations. Dairy products remain an important dietary source of multiple micronutrients, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iodine, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12 , and riboflavin (vitamin B2 ). In addition, dairy products provide children with energy, high-quality protein, and essential and nonessential fatty acids. A review of evidence was conducted to evaluate associations between milk or dairy product intake and health outcomes in children and adolescents. Results suggest a neutral or inverse association between consumption of milk and dairy products in children and adolescents and indicators of adiposity, incidence of dental caries, and hypertension. Available data indicate that dairy products are important for linear growth and bone health during childhood. Additional research--in particular, controlled intervention trials and long-term prospective cohort studies--is warranted to better understand how dairy intake affects health outcomes in children and adolescents.

BackgroundRecent Western studies show an inverse association between milk and dairy product intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We studied the association between consumption of milk and dairy products and CVD death in Japan.MethodsMen and women aged 30 years or older were followed for 24 years. All had participated in a national nutrition survey in 300 health districts throughout Japan in 1980. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess mortality risk according to tertiles of milk and dairy product intake, with the high consumption group as reference. Hazard ratios (HRs) per 100-g/day increase in consumption were also estimated.ResultsDuring the 24-year follow-up period, there were 893 CVD deaths, 174 deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD), and 417 stroke deaths among 9243 participants. For women, the HRs for death from CVD, CHD, and stroke in the low consumption group were 1.27 (95% CI: 0.99–1.58; P for trend = 0.045), 1.67 (0.99–2.80; P = 0.02), and 1.34 (0.94–1.90; P = 0.08), respectively, after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking habits, history of diabetes, use of antihypertensives, work category, and total energy intake. With each 100-g/day increase in consumption of milk and dairy products, HRs tended to decrease for deaths from CVD (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99), CHD (0.73; 0.52–1.03), and stroke (0.81; 0.65–1.01) in women. No significant association was observed in men.ConclusionsConsumption of milk and dairy products was inversely associated with CVD death among women in Japan.

Introduction and Executive Summary of the Supplement, Role of Milk and Dairy Products in Health and Prevention of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases: A Series of Systematic Reviews

Consumption of Yogurt, Low-Fat Milk, and Other Low-Fat Dairy Products Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in an Elderly Mediterranean Population1–3

The article substantiates the need to provide the population with dairy products according to rational standards. Insufficient levels of population consumption of dairy products and self-sufficiency in milk were noted. The regions of the Russian Federation were grouped according to the level of consumption of dairy products by the population (in terms of milk) in 2023. A significant differentiation in the consumption of dairy products by the population of various regions of the Russian Federation has been revealed. The factors that influence the amount of consumption of milk and dairy products are highlighted: the volume of domestic milk production, household incomes, prices for milk and dairy products, habits of the population, the level of development of the market infrastructure. The indicator of purchasing power of the population by region is calculated, which is correlated with the amount of consumption of dairy products in the regions of the Russian Federation. The regions of the Russian Federation were grouped according to the level of milk production per capita in 2023. The relationship between consumption and milk production in the region has been established. The formation of groups of regions by production per capita occurred due to the influence of factors such as population size, productivity and cow population. The results of the two groupings allowed us to identify 5 types of regions of the Russian Federation, depending on the ratio of consumption and production. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop measures to ensure the physical and economic accessibility of dairy products for the population of various regions of the Russian Federation.