Abstract
One way to develop innovative approaches for the treatment of chronic diseases is to exploit the biology of the resolution of inflammation. With this terminology, we identify the integrated and complex network of mediators and pathways that ensure a timely and spatially regulated inflammatory response. Pro‐resolving mediators act on specific receptors. This provides an opportunity for developing a new arm of pharmacology we have termed “resolution pharmacology.” Here we present the reasoning behind the need to develop new medicines based on resolution and use a prototype GPCR as an example. Understanding how the formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2) operates in a cell‐specific manner can guide the development of agonists as new therapeutics that could be of benefit as a therapy or co‐therapy for several diseases that affect our society. FPR2 agonists would be among the first drugs to establish “resolution pharmacology” as the pharmacological approach for the third decade of the millennium.
Highlights
The formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2) is a member of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family
FPR2 is referred to as lipoxin A4 receptor (ALX), an acronym for the lipoxin A4 (LXA4) receptor and, the terminology ALX/FPR2 or FPR2/ALX should be used to identify it when activated by lipid or protein agonists, respectively (Ye et al, 2009)
What is important though is that FPR2 is able to promote several, if not all of the processes that characterise the resolution of inflammation biology, including blocking neutrophil extravasation, promoting non-phlogistic monocyte recruitment, inducing neutrophil apoptosis, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis as well as macrophage efferocytosis, altering macrophage phenotype and, as emerging more recently, instructing stromal cells to favour repair (Perretti et al, 2017)
Summary
The formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2) is a member of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family. In line with the degree of ligand specificity indicated above, for some time, the genuine nature of FPR2 has remained unclear, with data indicating pro-inflammatory properties following receptor activation and other studies showing its anti-inflammatory activities upon activation on target cells and tissues
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