Abstract
Objective: Quercetin is therapeutically hampered because of its poor solubility. The present investigation was aimed to prepare quercetin loaded nanosponges topical gel to enhance the solubility and efficacy of the drug.
 Methods: Quercetin nanosponges were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Developed nanosponges optimized by particle size, SEM, entrapment efficiency, FT-IR, DSC, P-XRD, In vitro studies. The optimized formulation of nanosponges was loaded into a topical gel and it was characterized by ex-vivo, in vivo Pharmacodynamic and kinetic studies.
 Results: The particle size and zeta potential of optimized nanosponges were found to be 188.3 nm and-0.1mV. Surface morphology was studied using SEM Analysis which showed tiny sponge-like structure and entrapment efficiency was found to be 96.5 %. In vitro drug release of optimized nanosponges was found to be 98.6% for 7hours. Optimized nanosponges entrapped gel was prepared by using carbopol 934 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as gelling agents. The prepared nanogels were homogenous and ex-vivo skin permeation studies of the optimized nanosponges gel was found to be 98.1% for 5 h, quercetin loaded nanosponges has shown higher skin permeation efficiency (18.4µg/cm2±2.1) compared to pure quercetin gel. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies showed that the quercetin loaded nanosponges has shown more effective when compared to marketed formulation.
 Conclusion: Quercetin loaded nanosponges gel has shown a significant increase in activity (p<0.05) compared to the marketed formulation (Voveran Emulgel).
Highlights
The plant and plant parts are used for therapeutic properties like Dacus carota, Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma domestica valet on, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Foeniculum vulgar, Cuscuta reflexa and Withinia sommifera were known as the best examples for anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anti-hypercholesterolemia [Soon am park et al.; 2013, Wang Q et al.;2018]
Quercetin containing nanosponges loaded into the gel was characterized by in vitro drug release, in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies
The photographs of quercetin-loaded nanosponges using scanning electron microscope are shown in fig. 1(a) to fig. 1(c)
Summary
The plant and plant parts are used for therapeutic properties like Dacus carota, Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma domestica valet on, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Foeniculum vulgar, Cuscuta reflexa and Withinia sommifera were known as the best examples for anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anti-hypercholesterolemia [Soon am park et al.; 2013, Wang Q et al.;2018]. Nanosponge has a 3-dimensional structure with tiny channels and mesh-like structure on the surface, when the solution is mixed with the polymers it forms a mesh-like structure, with naturally biodegradable polymer as the backbone which results in the formation of pockets like structure in which drug can be loaded [12]. These nanosponges are in the form of dry powder which can be formulated as orally, topically and parentally. Quercetin containing nanosponges loaded into the gel was characterized by in vitro drug release, in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies
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