Abstract
This paper identifies surfactant systems capable of forming middle phase microemulsions with a weathered jet fuel at Hill AFB, Utah. A series of batch studies was conducted to characterize the hydrophobicity of this light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) and to evaluate microemulsion systems for this LNAPL. The contaminant was found to be more hydrophobic than ordinary jet fuel, thus requiring cosurfactant and electrolyte addition to formulate middle phase microemulsions. Successful salinity (NaCl) and hardness (CaCl2) scans were conducted with one anionic surfactant, Aerosol OT (AOT), and three different cosurfactant systems—one alcohol (isobutanol), one hydrotrope (sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonate or SMDNS), and two nonionic surfactants [POE[20] sorbitan monostearate or T-MAZ 60 and POE[20] sorbitan monooleate or T-MAZ 80]. Of the five systems which successfully microemulsified the LNAPL (versus 10 others evaluated), one was selected for implementation in a subsequent field demonstration.
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