Forms and Functions of Linguistic Hybridity in Italo-Brazilian Literature: Nanetto Pipetta, Stória de Nino Fradello de Nanetto Pipetta and Stória de Peder

While German discourses depicted the German immigrants in southern Brazil as superior cultural pioneerswho would preserve German language and culture, this article portrays eleven biographies of German immigrants in Brazil in order to contrast these ethnic discourses with the everyday-life of the immigrants. "Germanness" was used and adapted in different ways: its importance was sometimes overemphasized, sometimes relativized, sometimes even rejected. As well as this, other concepts of identity were at play such as religion, political standpoints, class and citizenship. Germanness was thus a contested category, used as a political argument in nationalist discussions on immigration.

This paper is devoted to the features of sentence prosody (intonation) in Brazilian Portuguese spoken by immigrants whose first language is Russian, and explores the consequences that L1–L2 influence in intonation may have for communication. The study addressed four research questions: (1) Do Brazilian Portuguese L2 speakers with Russian L1 always succeed in producing the correct utterance type? (2) Can L1–L2 influence lead to misunderstanding of connotations? (3) Is it possible that sometimes L1–L2 influence leads to being perceived as too emotional or not emotional enough? (4) Can L1–L2 influence in intonation be a significant factor in the perception of accent? In a perceptual experiment, productions of four target utterances in Brazilian Portuguese by Russian L1 and Brazilian Portuguese L1 speakers were evaluated by 124 Brazilian listeners in terms of sentence type, possible connotations, accent and arousal. The target utterances included three questions of different types and an exclamation. The findings revealed that the speaker’s L1 influenced the perception of prosodic meanings by Brazilian listeners. In some cases, interference from Russian melodic contours caused the incorrect identification of the sentence type in Brazilian Portuguese. However, even when sentence type was perceived correctly, differences could be found regarding the perception of arousal or accent.

The history of Russophone immigration to Brazil began in the 19th century. The last wave of Russophone immigration to Brazil began after the USSR’s collapse and continues up to this day. There are few opportunities to study Portuguese in Russia, and many Russophones study Brazilian Portuguese (BP) on their own after arriving in Brazil. They learn the language in a naturalistic way and do not have any special knowledge of the BP phonetics. One important difficulty of Russophones who learn BP is to perceive and produce the contrast between open and closed mid vowels. In Portuguese, the contrasts in the pairs /ε/ — /e/ and /ɔ/ — /o/ are of fundamental importance and determine the difference in the semantic meaning of words, for example, in some homograph pairs that consist of a verb conjugated in the first-person singular of the present tense and a related noun. The aim of this work is to characterize the production of BP mid vowels by Russophone immigrants in Brazil. In this work, we analyzed the audio recordings of the words bebe [‘bεbı] ‘he drinks’, bebo [‘bebʊ] ‘I drink’, posso [‘pɔsʊ] ‘I can’ и poço [‘posɔ] ‘a well’, produced by 11 native BP speakers and 15 Russophones. For the Russophones, these was no difference between the F1 mean values of the vowels produced in the word pairs containing the two contrasting Portuguese mid vowels. The results of this study provide a base for developing strategies to improve the pronunciation of BP sounds by Russian speakers. Refs 31.

This chapter provides an overview of German immigration to Brazil and efforts of German colonialists to strengthen Germanness, including the practice of film screenings. It addresses several documentaries on German settlers in Brazil, produced in 1929, 1933, and 1942, to show the tension between utopian images of German settlers, the harsh settler everyday life, and the challenges of filmmaking. The chapter analyses German settler-colonial discourse through analysis of German documentary films of the 1930s about southern Brazil. The films portray life of German immigrants in Brazil as part of German settler colonialism and recall different immigrant generations and settlement projects from the nineteenth century to the 1930s. The chapter argues that southern Brazil had a special place in this global endeavor as one of the most promising areas for German settlers. German settler colonialism was mainly an imagined one; though, conversely, these German settlers played a crucial role for German nationalism.

Since the first studies reporting the TP53 p.R337H mutation as founder mutation in Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil, both in the general population and in patients from high risk breast cancer families with adrenocortical, choroid plexus and breast carcinomas, there has been controversy on the origin of this mutation. Preliminary analysis of the small subset of Brazilian mutation carriers that defined the founder haplotype using 29 tag SNPs revealed that the haplotype incided on a Caucasian background. The vast majority of carriers identified today reside in Brazil or, if identified in other countries, are Brazilian immigrants. To our knowledge, the only two exceptions of carriers without a recognizable link with Brazil are two European families (one Portuguese and one German) (Chompret et al., 2000; Herrmann et al. 2012). Haplotype analysis in the Portuguese family revealed the same haplotype identified in Brazilian individuals, but in the German family, a distinct haplotype was found. Knowing that a significant proportion of women with breast cancer in Southern Brazil are p.R337H carriers, we initiated TP53 genotyping in a Portuguese cohort of women with breast cancer recruited from the cities of Lisboa and Braga. Median age at diagnosis of breast cancer among the first 573 patients tested was 60 years and 100 (17.4%) patients had been diagnosed at or under the age of 45 years. Mutation screening was performed using Real-Time PCR (taqman assays), and failed to identify the mutation in the 573 patients tested. These results are in contrast with the mutation frequency observed in a study of 815 breast cancer-affected women from Southern and Southeastern Brazil, which has reached frequencies of 12.1 and 5.1% in pre- and post-menopausal women, respectively (Ashton-Prolla et al. 2012; ASCO Annual Meeting, ref 1522). We conclude that there is a significant difference in mutation frequency observed between the two cohorts (p<0.001). These findings suggest that TP53 p.R337H is not a common molecular alteration in Portuguese breast cancer-affected patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-13-01.

Since the first studies reporting the TP53 p.R337H mutation as founder mutation in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, there has been controversy on its origin. Preliminary analysis of a small subset of Brazilian mutation carriers revealed that the haplotype incided on a Caucasian background. The vast majority of carriers identified today reside in Brazil or, if identified in other countries, are Brazilian immigrants. To our knowledge, the only two exceptions of carriers without a recognizable link with Brazil are two European families, from Portugal and Germany. Haplotype analysis in the Portuguese family revealed the same haplotype identified in Brazilian individuals, but in the German family, a distinct haplotype was found. Knowing that a significant proportion of women with breast cancer (BC) in Southern Brazil are p.R337H carriers, we analyzed p.R337H in a Portuguese cohort of women diagnosed with this disease. Median age at diagnosis among the first 573 patients tested was 60 years and 100 (17.4%) patients had been diagnosed at or under the age of 45 years. Mutation screening failed to identify the mutation in the 573 patients tested. These results are in contrast with the mutation frequency observed in a study including 815 BC-affected women from Brazil, in which carrier frequencies of 12.1 and 5.1% in pre- and postmenopausal women were observed, respectively. These findings suggest that the Brazilian founder mutation p.R337H, the most frequent germline TP53 mutation reported to date, is not a common germline alteration in Portuguese women diagnosed with BC.

To analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics, level of perceived stress and resilience with family functioning of immigrants in Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 122 immigrants living in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data collected in 2021, using questions for characterization, Family Cohesion and Adaptability, Resilience and Perceived Stress Assessment Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS®, using descriptive and analytical measures (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni correction). The immigrants were between 18 and 69 years old (average 35.6 years ± 12.0), the majority were female, Venezuelan, with up to eight years of education, family income of one minimum wage, lived in a rented house and had been in Brazil for more than two years. Half had a partner and 18.9% immigrated alone. Family cohesion was associated with marital status, age, education, number of residents and who they came to Brazil with; adaptability with length of stay, who came to Brazil with, number of residents and religion. Greater perceived stress occurred in disconnected families (with less cohesion) and more resilience in connected, agglutinated (with greater cohesion) and rigid (more adapted) families. Sociodemographic characteristics, level of perceived stress and resilience influenced the family functioning of immigrants.

Brazilians are among the fastest growing segment of immigrant populations in several states of the United States. Culturally appropriate and validated health survey instruments do not exist to adequately assess the health needs of this population. Through a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, a cross-cultural pilot project was conducted to develop and test a culturally-adapted Brazilian Portuguese-version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP-II) instrument with a convenience sample of 60 bilingual and bicultural Brazilian immigrants using a combined quasi experimental and focus group design. The project evaluated HPLP-II instrument's psychometric properties of equivalency, reliability, and score distribution in Portuguese and English. This pilot test supports equivalency, consistency, and reliability of the English and culturally-adapted Brazilian Portuguese versions of the instrument. CBPR is an effective approach in health instrument development. This instrument is an important first step in designing other appropriate instruments to explore health conditions of Brazilian immigrants in the U.S.

Brazil’s Immigrant Song

Los procesos de construcción y de re-elaboración de identidades se relacionan con las experiencias del presente y las expectativas de futuro. En el caso de los inmigrantes italianos en Brasil, se observan diferentes dinámicas de construcción de identidad, que se encuentran en los álbumes conmemorativos, en las celebraciones étnicas de final del siglo XX, o en los relatos de los descendientes que emigran hacia Italia. Se pretende analizar las dinámicas de producción de representaciones de una identidad étnico-nacional y los mecanismos que actúan en la construcción de una pertenencia través del tiempo. [pt] Os processos de construção e reelaboração de identidades se associam às experiências do presente e às expectativas de futuro. No caso dos imigrantes italianos no Brasil, observam-se diferentes dinâmicas de construção de identidade, presentes nos álbuns comemorativos, nas celebrações étnicas de finais do século XX ou nos relatos dos descendentes que emigram para a Itália. Quer-se analisar as dinâmicas de produção de representações de uma identidade étnico-nacional e os mecanismos que operaram na construção de uma pertença que se reelabora no tempo.

Primary care providers must give adults with DDs compassionate care that respects the patients' wishes.

This study describes the language contact and language shift among different generations of Japanese immigrants in Brazil and considers the social factors involved in the abandonment of the ethnic code (Japanese) and its chances of survival from now on. The survey of the situation reveals that, in most cases, ethnic identity switch is accompanied by mother tongue replacement with Portuguese by the third generation.

The growth in the number of immigrants in Brazil has stimulated reflections on how these people represent and signify aspects of the new context in which they are situated. This study aimed to trace social representations of Haitian immigrants about work in Brazil. Fifteen Haitians from a city in southern Brazil participated in the study. We used a questionnaire and an interview that addressed what they thought of work in Brazil before they migrated, at the time of the interview, and what they imagined for the future. The answers of the questionnaire were submitted to a statistical program and analyzed descriptively. The content of the interviews was treated by the IRaMuTeQ program. The shared thought about work in Brazil changed over time. Before they migrated, they imagined many opportunities and high salaries. In Brazil they faced difficulties with heavy work and low salaries. They hope that the future will be better, with a desired job and the family present. This study generated information that may support public policies that facilitate the adaptation to the Brazilian culture and labor market.

Italo-Brazilian prose texts from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, written from the 1920s until today, either in Brazilian Portuguese with Italian code-switches, or in the Venetian koiné spoken by the Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, sometimes switching to Portuguese, are an early, but so far largely neglected example of literary code-switching representing the multilingual immigrants’ communities. In a sociolinguistic analysis of these texts I will argue that the conversational functions of literary code-switching, especially in reported speech, are comparable to those found in spontaneous utterances, if considered in a continuum between conceptually oral and conceptually written language ( Koch and Oesterreicher, 1985 ). On the micro-level the stylistic function of code-switching plays a more prominent role in literature than in other genres, but on the macro level this kind of code-switching can also be regarded as a response to bilingual identity. In this respect, literary code-switching is used as an approximation strategy between the two closely related contact languages that gives the minority language prestige and thus contributes to its preservation.

The structure of a sample of rural houses built by Italian immigrants in Southern Brazil from the last quarter of the 19th century onwards and a sample of Italian rural houses were analyzed using the space syntax theory and techniques. The samples were analyzed to identify key differences in the house genotypes. The main goal of the article is to compare the results regarding the Brazilian sample of houses with the Italian sample of rural houses from the regions of Veneto and Trentino Alto‑Adige, where most of the families that had moved to Southern Brazil came from. Therefore, it will be possible to evaluate whether or not, and to which extent, the Italian immigrants reproduced in Brazil the Italian house structures they used to live in and, more importantly, the relationship between the spatial structure of the houses built in Brazil and the patriarchal social structure that governed the entire society at that time. We inferred so far that the main genotype found in the Italian sample corresponds to the genotype produced in Brazil, a time when the houses were organized around the daily life of the families and suited the prevailing patriarchal social structure. In the Brazilian case, liminal events and a more flexible house plan are able to introduce differences in the way the same house can function, depending on how strangers are admitted into the houses on liminal occasions and in the daily life of the families. In Italy, this kind of flexibility is not found. There are two main hypotheses regarding this aspect: the first one is that the immigrants tend to reproduce the structure of the houses as experienced in Italy but, at the same time, they tend to introduce in Brazil a new typology of houses based on the flexibility of the house plan that is relatively autonomous from their spatial experience in Italy.KEYWORDS: Domestic space. Rural houses. Italian immigration in Brazil.