Abstract
High-purity In2O3 nanoparticles were recovered from scrap indium tin oxide substrates in a stepwise process involving acidic leaching, liquid-liquid extraction with a phosphine oxide extractant, and combustion of the organic phase. The morphological and structural parameters of the recovered nanoparticles were investigated to support the formation of the desired products. These In2O3 nanoparticles were used for sensitive sensing of ammonia gas using a four-probe electrode device. The proposed sensor offered very quick response time (around 10 s) and highly sensitive detection of ammonia (at a detection limit of 1 ppm).
Highlights
Indium oxide (In2O3) nanostructures have a direct bandgap of 3.55–3.75 eV with versatile applicability to selective sensors, solar cells, flat-panel displays, and photocatalytic devices [1,2,3,4]
We propose a new facile synthesis route for the formation of In2O3 nanoparticles from scrap indium tin oxide substrates based on an extraction-calcination route
Compared to the above listed techniques, the process proposed is suitable for the enhanced recovery of the desired product from waste materials; it was proven to provide the in-situ separation of pure indium from other impurities. The utility of these In2O3 nanoparticles was demonstrated for sensitive sensing of ammonia gas by a four-probe sensor device
Summary
Indium oxide (In2O3) nanostructures have a direct bandgap of 3.55–3.75 eV with versatile applicability to selective sensors, solar cells, flat-panel displays, and photocatalytic devices [1,2,3,4]. Wet chemical synthesis often requires a variety of controlling agents to adjust the shape of nanocrystals The use of such additives (e.g., complexing agents, surfactants, and pH regulating agents) makes the synthesis methods complicated and costly. Compared to the above listed techniques, the process proposed is suitable for the enhanced recovery of the desired product from waste materials; it was proven to provide the in-situ separation of pure indium from other impurities (liquid-liquid extraction step). The utility of these In2O3 nanoparticles was demonstrated for sensitive sensing of ammonia gas by a four-probe sensor device. The synthesized In2O3 nanoparticles allowed sensitive (1 ppm) detection of ammonia
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